Unveiling the Interplay—Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Sunil J. Wimalawansa

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 831 - 831

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors in epithelial cells facilitates viral entry into human cells. Despite this, ACE-2 exerts significant protective effects against coronaviruses by neutralizing viruses circulation and mitigating inflammation. While reduces expression, vitamin D increases it, counteracting virus's harmful effects. Vitamin D's beneficial actions are mediated through complex molecular mechanisms involving innate adaptive immune systems. Meanwhile, status [25(OH)D concentration] is inversely correlated severity, complications, mortality rates from COVID-19. This study explores which inhibits replication, including suppression transcription enzymes, reduced inflammation oxidative stress, increased expression antibodies antimicrobial peptides. Both hypovitaminosis elevate renin levels, rate-limiting step renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS); it ACE-1 but expression. imbalance leads to elevated levels pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulatory, vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin-II (Ang-II), leading widespread It also causes membrane permeability, allowing fluid infiltrate soft tissues, lungs, vascular system. In contrast, sufficient suppress reducing RAS activity, lowering ACE-1, increasing levels. cleaves Ang-II generate Ang

Language: Английский

Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines DOI Open Access
William B. Grant, Sunil J. Wimalawansa, Paweł Płudowski

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 277 - 277

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Vitamin D offers numerous under-recognized health benefits beyond its well-known role in musculoskeletal health. It is vital for extra-renal tissues, prenatal health, brain function, immunity, pregnancy, cancer prevention, and cardiovascular Existing guidelines issued by governmental organizations are bone-centric largely overlook the abovementioned extra-skeletal optimal thresholds vitamin D. In addition, they rely on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which seldom show due to high baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] concentrations, moderate supplementation doses, flawed study designs. This review emphasizes findings from prospective cohort studies showing that higher 25(OH)D concentrations reduce risks of major diseases mortality, including pregnancy birth outcomes. Serum > 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) significantly lower disease mortality compared <20 ng/mL. With 25% U.S. population 60% Central Europeans having levels ng/mL, should be raised above achievable through daily with 2000 IU/day (50 mcg/day) D3, prevent deaths. Furthermore, a dose between 4000 6000 IU D3 achieve serum 40 70 would provide greater protection against many adverse Future recommendations integrate observational well-designed RCTs improve public personalized care.

Language: Английский

Citations

10

Emotional reactions towards vaccination during the emergence of the omicron variant: Insights from twitter analysis in South Africa DOI Creative Commons
Blessing Ogbuokiri, Ali Ahmadi, Nidhi Tripathi

et al.

Machine Learning with Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100644 - 100644

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill’s Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review DOI Open Access
Sunil J. Wimalawansa

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 599 - 599

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Clinical trials consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; calcifediol] levels and the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 disease, complications, mortality. This systematic review (SR), guided by Bradford Hill’s causality criteria, analyzed 294 peer-reviewed manuscripts published December 2019 November 2024, focusing on plausibility, consistency, biological gradient. Evidence confirms that cholecalciferol (D3) calcifediol significantly reduce hospitalizations, mortality, with optimal effects above 50 ng/mL. While vitamin requires 3–4 days to act, shows within 24 h. Among 329 trials, only 11 (3%) showed no benefit due flawed designs. At USD 2/patient, D3 supplementation is far cheaper than hospitalization costs more effective standard interventions. SR establishes a strong relationship 25(OH)D vulnerability, meeting criteria. Vitamin infections, deaths ~50%, outperforming all patented, FDA-approved COVID-19 therapies. With over 300 confirming these findings, waiting for further studies unnecessary before incorporating them into clinical protocols. Health agencies scientific societies must recognize significance results incorporate prophylaxis early treatment protocols similar viral infections. Promoting safe sun exposure adequate communities maintain 40 ng/mL (therapeutic range: 40–80 ng/mL) strengthens immune systems, reduces hospitalizations deaths, lowers healthcare costs. When exceed 70 ng/mL, taking K2 (100 µg/day or 800 µg/week) alongside helps direct any excess calcium bones. The recommended dosage (approximately IU/kg body weight non-obese adult) 50–100 cost-effective disease prevention, ensuring health outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Unveiling the Interplay—Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Sunil J. Wimalawansa

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 831 - 831

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors in epithelial cells facilitates viral entry into human cells. Despite this, ACE-2 exerts significant protective effects against coronaviruses by neutralizing viruses circulation and mitigating inflammation. While reduces expression, vitamin D increases it, counteracting virus's harmful effects. Vitamin D's beneficial actions are mediated through complex molecular mechanisms involving innate adaptive immune systems. Meanwhile, status [25(OH)D concentration] is inversely correlated severity, complications, mortality rates from COVID-19. This study explores which inhibits replication, including suppression transcription enzymes, reduced inflammation oxidative stress, increased expression antibodies antimicrobial peptides. Both hypovitaminosis elevate renin levels, rate-limiting step renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS); it ACE-1 but expression. imbalance leads to elevated levels pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulatory, vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin-II (Ang-II), leading widespread It also causes membrane permeability, allowing fluid infiltrate soft tissues, lungs, vascular system. In contrast, sufficient suppress reducing RAS activity, lowering ACE-1, increasing levels. cleaves Ang-II generate Ang

Language: Английский

Citations

3