
Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4)
Published: March 27, 2025
ABSTRACT Human‐driven land use changes significantly contribute to habitat loss and fragmentation in temperate forests, prompting the implementation of ecological conservation programs. However, these efforts may be undermined by competing demands economic development. This study assessed forest quality relative contribution decisions (ecological programs, cropland expansion, urbanization) Changbai Mountain region, Northeast China from 1990 2050. Our results revealed a region‐wide decline (−20.77%) over past 30 years, with projected improvements (+14.64%) under future scenario, albeit considerable regional variations. Ecological programs contributed long‐term preserving expanding cover. expansion urbanization through conversion were identified as primary drivers degradation, leading both direct indirect negative effects on remaining habitat. findings offer valuable insights into effectiveness trade‐offs posed pressures, highlighting need for integrated strategies that balance socio‐economic objectives management.
Language: Английский