Fertility Declines Near the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence of the 2022 Birth Declines in Germany and Sweden

European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Following the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, many countries faced short-term fertility declines in 2020-2021, a development which did not materialize majority German-speaking and Nordic countries. However, more recent birth statistics show steep decline 2022. We aim to provide empirical evidence on unexpected 2022 Germany Sweden. rely monthly present seasonally adjusted Total Fertility Rates (TFR) for relate nine-month lagged rates contextual developments regarding COVID-19. The TFR dropped from 1.5-1.6 2021 1.4 early again autumn 2022, about 10% several months. In Sweden, corresponding 1.7 almost 10%. There is no association trends with changes unemployment, infection rates, or deaths, but strong vaccination programmes weakening pandemic-related restrictions. Sweden remarkable. Common explanations change during pandemic do apply. between mass vaccinations subsequent indicates that women their behaviour get vaccinated before becoming pregnant. decreased as societies were opening up normalized life conditions. novel information COVID-19-fertility nexus immediate aftermath pandemic.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 298 - 298

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster dose vaccination after completing the primary series for individuals ≥18 years and most-at-risk populations. This study aimed to estimate pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine uptake intention get among general populations healthcare workers (HCWs). We searched PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCO, MEDLINE Central/PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, SAGE, Web Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect according PRISMA guidelines. From a total 1079 screened records, 50 studies were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using 48 high-quality Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. Using included studies, acceptance 198,831 subjects 81% (95% confidence interval (CI): 75–85%, I2 = 100%). actual in eight involving 12,995 31% CI: 19–46%, 100%), while have 79% 72–85%, vaccines HCWs 66% 58–74%), 99%). Meta-regression revealed that previous infection associated with lower dose. Conversely, significantly higher level uptake. WHO region Americas, which did not include any vaccination, 77% 66–85%, Western Pacific 89% 84–92%, 100), followed by European region: 86% 81–90%, 99%), Eastern Mediterranean 59% 46–71%, Southeast Asian 52% 43–61%, 95). Having chronic trust effectiveness significant predictors acceptance. global rate is high, but rates vary region. To achieve herd immunity disease, high required. Intensive campaigns programs are still needed around world raise public awareness regarding importance accepting proper control pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Complex network analysis of global stock market co-movement during the COVID-19 pandemic based on intraday open-high-low-close data

Financial Innovation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Abstract This study uses complex network analysis to investigate global stock market co-movement during the black swan event of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We propose a novel method for calculating price index correlations based on open-high-low-close (OHLC) data. More intraday information can be utilized compared with widely used return-based method. Hypothesis testing was select edges incorporated in avoid rigid setting artificial threshold. The topologies constructed using 70 important indices before (2017–2019) and after (2020–2022) COVID-19 outbreak were examined. evidence shows that degree centrality OHLC data-based has better power-law distribution characteristics than network. are revealed, financial centers developed, emerging, frontier markets identified. Using indicators, we also illustrate changes importance individual Based these findings, provide suggestions investors policy regulators improve their international portfolios strengthen national risk preparedness.

Language: Английский

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The role of health systems in shaping vaccine decisions: Insights from Italy, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 127134 - 127134

Published: April 1, 2025

The demographic drivers of vaccine uptake and confidence have been well-documented in diverse contexts. However, the role health systems improving has less discussed particularly post-pandemic period. Using nationally representative surveys adults conducted between December 2022 April 2023 Italy, Mexico, United Kingdom (UK), States (US), we examined demographic, health, system determinants four vaccines for adult respondents or their children: COVID-19, influenza, human papillomavirus (HPV), measles, mumps, rubella (MMR). Logistic linear regression models explored associations predictors interest outcomes, with coefficients reported on risk difference ratio scales. A total 5180 were surveyed, one-third whom had at least one child aged 1-18 years. Having received three other preventive services last year was associated COVID-19 Flu vaccination all countries (Risk (RR) 1.04-1.54) US (RR 1.10). care visits having a regular provider also higher likelihood some countries. Being confident one's ability to obtain afford quality (i.e. "health security") positive association outcome except Mexico 1.07-1.36) children COVID multi-country regression. probability HPV children. Health engagement security showed stronger than compared confidence, although these varied across Trust scientists trusting national public agency strongly correlated several outcomes. Our findings highlight links engagement, security, rates. may be important mitigate barriers related 'complacency' 'convenience'.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on the Italian Healthcare System: A Scenario Analysis

Clinical Drug Investigation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 237 - 242

Published: Feb. 26, 2022

During 2020, the only instruments for fighting against pandemic peaks were lockdowns, physical distancing, closure of schools and non-essential businesses, travel restrictions. The new vaccination strategy adopted in Italy 2021 represented a perspective policymakers.The aim this study was to estimate effects national immunisation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on healthcare system.An epidemiological scenario analysis developed order simulate impact COVID-19 Italian system 2021. Hospitalisations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions death rates modelled based 2020 data. Costs estimated using hospital from Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital Rome. Two scenarios tested, one with second without.The roll-out vaccinations protect prevent 52,115 deaths 2021, 45.2% less than what expected absence immunisation. Based assumptions underlying two scenarios, our model predicted an overall reduction 2.4 million 259,000 ICU (74.9% 71.3% less, respectively, world without between June December 2021). Overall, Italy, over €3.0 billion costs hospitalisations due 2020. In vaccines prevented around 36% costs.This is first highlighting effect terms avoided cases, costs. Our results have potential inform policymakers general population benefits vaccinations.

Language: Английский

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Covid-19 vaccine roll-out in England: A qualitative evaluation

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. e0286529 - e0286529

Published: June 2, 2023

Background The UK was the first country to launch a national pandemic COVID-19 vaccination programme, which implemented swiftly despite significant vaccine supply constraints. delivery strategy used combination of mass sites operated by NHS secondary care providers and local led Primary Care Networks, pharmacies. Despite nation-wide rollout, persistent gaps in coverage continued affect particular populations, including ethnic minority marginalised social groups. Aim study examined sub-national immunisation commissioners providers’ perspectives on how programme operationalised, strategies impacted inequalities access services uptake. aimed inform implementation, sustainability future preparedness. Methods Qualitative research conducted eight areas 4 regions England. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 82 public health commissioners. Results England’s described as top down, centralised highly political. gradually morphed from predominantly into more locally driven tailored approaches able respond effectively Over time flexibility introduced, adapted “working around” systems for appointment booking. constant change faced mitigated high staff motivation resilience, collaboration pragmatism. Opportunities efficient implementation missed because priority given achieving performance targets at expense flexible delivery. Conclusion Pandemic models need be underserved hesitant groups, working actors. Learnings initial roll-out England elsewhere is important responses, tailoring communities, improve large-scale programmes.

Language: Английский

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Using Social Marketing to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: A Case Study from the “AUBe Vaccinated” Campaign

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 459 - 459

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

The availability of and access to COVID-19 vaccines has been challenging in many low- middle-income countries (LMICs), coupled with mistrust public health organizations instigated by misinformation disinformation diffused traditional social media. In the Spring 2021, American University Beirut (AUB) Lebanon spearheaded a nationwide vaccination drive ambitious goal vaccinating its entire community beginning academic year 2021-2022, as campus was due be opened only vaccinated individuals. This case study outlines development, implementation, evaluation marketing campaign encourage vaccinations among members AUB community, comprising students, faculty, staff, dependents. Following French Evans' 2020 guidelines, we implemented an evidence-based co-designed strategy maximize facilitate vaccine access. used mix methods convince segments population receive their shots before accessing campus, resulting 98% uptake within three months (July-September 2021). this study, reflect on experience share suggestions for future research applications that other higher education institutions could use address similar problems.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccination in the WHO African Region: Progress Made in 2022 and Factors Associated

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1010 - 1010

Published: May 22, 2023

This study summarizes progress made in rolling out COVID-19 vaccinations the African region 2022, and analyzes factors associated with vaccination coverage. Data on vaccine uptake reported to World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa by Member States between January 2021 December as well publicly available health socio-economic data, were used. A negative binomial regression was performed analyze coverage 2022. As of end 308.1 million people had completed primary series, representing 26.4% region's population, compared 6.3% at 2021. The percentage workers complete series 40.9%. Having carried least one high volume mass campaign 2022 (β = 0.91, p < 0.0001), while higher WHO funding spent per person vaccinated correlated lower -0.26, 0.03). All countries should expand efforts integrate into routine immunization care, increase investment demand generation during transition period that follows acute phase pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The far-right and anti-vaccine attitudes: lessons from Spain’s mass COVID-19 vaccine roll-out

European Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 215 - 221

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Far-right politicians in several countries have been vocal opponents of COVID-19 vaccination. But can this threaten vaccine roll-out?We take advantage repeated cross-sectional surveys with samples around 3800 individuals across Spain conducted monthly from December 2020 to January 2022 (n = 51 294) examine any association between far-right politics and hesitancy through the whole roll-out.Consistent prior data, we found that supporters were almost twice as likely be vaccine-hesitant than overall population 2020, before vaccines became available. However, a successful roll out, difference shrank, reaching non-significance by September 2021. From October 2021, however, rebounded among group at time when leadership promoted 'freedom choice' discourse common anti-vax supporters. By latest month analysed (January 2022), voters had returned being 7 percentage points less vaccinated general population.Our results are consistent evidence encourage hesitancy. Nonetheless, show public attitudes towards vaccination not immutable. Whereas rapid effective rollout help overcome resistance get vaccinated, they also seem susceptible their party leader's on vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Unintended consequences of communicating rapid COVID-19 vaccine policy changes– a qualitative study of health policy communication in Ontario, Canada

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: May 23, 2023

The success of the COVID-19 vaccination roll-out depended on clear policy communication and guidance to promote facilitate vaccine uptake. rapidly evolving pandemic circumstances led many amendments. impact changing effective its influence in terms societal response promotion are underexplored; this qualitative research addresses that gap within extant literature.Policy communicators community leaders from urban rural Ontario participated semi-structured interviews (N = 29) explore their experiences communication. Thematic analysis was used produce representative themes.Analysis showed a barrier smooth roll-out. Continual amendments had unintended consequences, stimulating confusion, disrupting outreach efforts interrupting implementation. Policy changes were most disruptive logistical planning engagement work, including outreach, communicating eligibility criteria, providing translated information diverse communities.Vaccine allow for prioritized access can have consequence limiting communities' supports decision making. Rapidly require balance between adjusting maintaining simple, consistent public health messages readily be into action. Information is factor inequality needs addressing alongside vaccines.

Language: Английский

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