The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

Military Medical Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 13, 2020

Abstract An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared COVID-19 epidemic public health emergency of international concern. The emergence SARS-CoV-2, since severe syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2002 Middle East (MERS-CoV) 2012, marked third introduction highly pathogenic large-scale into human population twenty-first century. As 1 March total 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 7169 outside China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronavirus, identical genome bat coronavirus, pointing natural host. uses same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for SARS-CoV, mainly spreads through tract. Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along many exported across globe. clinical symptoms patients include fever, cough, fatigue small appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. elderly people underlying diseases are susceptible prone serious outcomes, which may be associated distress (ARDS) cytokine storm. Currently, there few specific antiviral strategies, but potent candidates antivirals repurposed drugs under urgent investigation. In this review, we summarized latest progress epidemiology, pathogenesis, characteristics COVID-19, discussed current treatment scientific advancements combat coronavirus.

Language: Английский

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Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 58 - 60

Published: Feb. 29, 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December 2019 and then spread rapidly worldwide, particularly to China, Japan, South Korea. Scientists are endeavoring find antivirals specific the virus. Several drugs such as chloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, favipiravir currently undergoing clinical studies test their efficacy safety treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) China; some promising results have been achieved thus far. This article summarizes agents with potential against SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 395(10223), P. e30 - e31

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

BioScience Trends, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 69 - 71

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

As of January 22, 2020, a total 571 cases the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) have been reported in 25 provinces (districts and cities) China. At present, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for human animal coronavirus, so that identifying drug options as soon possible critical response to 2019-nCoV outbreak. Three general methods, which include existing broad-spectrum drugs using standard assays, screening chemical library containing many compounds databases, redevelopment new specific based on genome biophysical understanding individual coronaviruses, are used discover potential pathogen coronavirus. Lopinavir /Ritonavir, Nucleoside analogues, Neuraminidase inhibitors, Remdesivir, peptide (EK1), abidol, RNA synthesis inhibitors (such TDF, 3TC), anti-inflammatory hormones other molecules), Chinese traditional medicine, such ShuFengJieDu Capsules Lianhuaqingwen Capsule, could be 2019-nCoV. However, efficacy safety these 2019- nCoV still need further confirmed by clinical experiments.

Language: Английский

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Stress and behavioral changes with remote E-exams during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among undergraduates of medical sciences

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 271 - 279

Published: Nov. 1, 2020

Emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) forced the worldwide higher educational institutes to adopt distance learning mode. Further, remote electronic exams (E-exams) were considered as mode assessment.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2: characteristics and current advances in research

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: July 29, 2020

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread rapidly across the world and become an international public health emergency. Both SARS-CoV belong to subfamily Coronavirinae in family Coronaviridae of order Nidovirales they are classified as SARS-like species while different cluster. Besides, viral structure, epidemiology characteristics pathological also different. We present a comprehensive survey latest coronavirus—SARS-CoV-2—from investigating its origin evolution alongside SARS-CoV. Meanwhile, pathogenesis, cardiovascular COVID-19 patients, myocardial injury venous thromboembolism induced well treatment methods summarized this review.

Language: Английский

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Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Pregnancy: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 596 - 596

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

(1) Background: A considerable number of systematic reviews, with substantial heterogeneity regarding their methods and included populations, on the impact COVID-19 infected pregnant women neonates, has emerged. The aim was to describe obstetric-perinatal neonatal outcome newborns during pandemic; (2) Methods: Three bibliographical databases were searched (last search: 10 September 2020). Quality assessment performed using AMSTAR-2 tool. Primary outcomes mode delivery, preterm delivery/labor, premature rupture membranes (PROM/pPROM) abortions/miscarriages. Outcomes mainly presented as ranges. separate analysis, including only moderate high-quality also conducted. protocol registered PROSPERO (CRD42020214447); (3) Results: Thirty-nine reviews analyzed. Reported rates, both term gestations, varied between 52.3 95.8% for cesarean sections; 4.2–44.7% vaginal deliveries; 14.3–63.8% specifically deliveries 22.7–32.2% labor; 5.3–12.7% PROM 6.4–16.1% pPROM. Maternal anxiety potential fetal infection contributed abortion decisions, while SARS-CoV-2-related miscarriages could not be excluded. ICU admission mechanical ventilation rates 3–28.5% 1.4–12%, respectively. mortality rate <2%, stillbirth, <2.5%, 3.1–76.9% <3%, Neonatal PCR positivity ranged 1.6% 10%. After accounting quality studies, ranges our primary remained almost unchanged, among secondary outcomes, maternal (3–10%) (1.4–5.5%) found relatively lower; (4) Conclusions: Increased sections birth found, iatrogenic reasons potentially involved. In cases symptomatic confirmed infection, high should raise some concerns. probability vertical transmission cannot Further original studies from all trimesters are warranted.

Language: Английский

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Diagnostic techniques for COVID-19 and new developments

Talanta, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 121392 - 121392

Published: July 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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Advances in Infectious Disease Vaccine Adjuvants

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1120 - 1120

Published: July 13, 2022

Vaccines are one of the most significant medical interventions in fight against infectious diseases. Since their discovery by Edward Jenner 1796, vaccines have reduced worldwide transmission to eradication levels diseases, including smallpox, diphtheria, hepatitis, malaria, and influenza. However, complexity developing safe effective remains a barrier for combating many more Immune stimulants (or adjuvants) an indispensable factor vaccine development, especially inactivated subunit-based due decreased immunogenicity compared whole pathogen vaccines. Adjuvants widely diverse structure; however, overall function constructs is same: enhance and/or prolong immunological response. The potential adverse effects as result adjuvant use, though, must be acknowledged carefully managed. Understanding specific mechanisms efficacy safety key prerequisite use vaccination. Therefore, rigorous pre-clinical clinical research into development essential. Overall, incorporation adjuvants allows greater opportunities advancing importance immune drives emergence novel adjuvants. This article highlights recent advances provides detailed data from studies Future perspectives also highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Real-Time Mask Identification for COVID-19: An Edge-Computing-Based Deep Learning Framework

IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(21), P. 15929 - 15938

Published: Jan. 14, 2021

During the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while bringing various serious threats to world, it reminds us that we need take precautions control transmission virus. The rise Internet Medical Things (IoMT) has made related data collection and processing, including healthcare monitoring systems, more convenient on one hand, requirements public health prevention are also changing challengeable other hand. One most effective nonpharmaceutical medical intervention measures is mask wearing. Therefore, there an urgent for automatic real-time detection method help prevent epidemic. In this article, put forward edge computing-based (ECMask) identification framework precautions, which can ensure performance low-power camera devices buses. Our ECMask consists three main stages: 1) video restoration; 2) face detection; 3) identification. models trained evaluated our bus drive set set. We construct extensive experiments validate good based real data, in consideration accuracy execution time efficiency whole analysis, have valuable application COVID-19 prevention.

Language: Английский

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