A guide to lignin valorization in biorefineries: traditional, recent, and forthcoming approaches to convert raw lignocellulose into valuable materials and chemicals

RSC Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 37 - 90

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

This tutorial review aims at providing a complete overview of the strategies for conversion lignocellulose in current and future biorefineries, with particular focus on transformation lignin toward valuable products.

Language: Английский

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Efficient and environmentally friendly techniques for extracting lignin from lignocellulose biomass and subsequent uses: A review

Cleaner Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 100253 - 100253

Published: June 13, 2024

The development of sustainable and effective methods for extracting lignin is crucial achieving the advantages promoting shift towards a more circular bioeconomy. This study addresses use environmentally friendly processes, including organosolv technique, supercritical fluid (SCF), non-thermal plasma (NTP), ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) techniques extraction. Organosolv treatment offers high selectivity purity make this process economically feasible. Using water, carbon dioxide, or ethanol to extract without harmful successful customizable. NTP technologies break down lignin, simplifying processing increasing its value. Whereas ILs may boost synthesis change properties via solvent design. DES-based can efficiently specifically lignin. rapid MAE method employs radiation reduce times yields These feature selectivity, little environmental impact, capacity target fractions. describes fundamentals, benefits, drawbacks each process, focusing on their ability large scale future usage. Additionally, review explores most recent advancements in application sector, as well challenges potential valorizing streams derived from extraction, thereby fostering solutions. research concludes that overcome challenges, need address concerns, cost, emissions, efficient use.

Language: Английский

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Functional biomass/biological macromolecular phase change composites and their applications in different scenarios: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 141377 - 141377

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A facile strategy to fabricate a lignin-based thermoset alternative to formaldehyde-based wood adhesives

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 5907 - 5915

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The utilization of sustainable lignin to synthesize wood adhesives has attracted increasing attention in recent years.

Language: Английский

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Lignin-Based Covalent Adaptable Network Polymers─When Bio-Based Thermosets Meet Recyclable by Design

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(38), P. 13836 - 13867

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) play an important role in polymer chemistry, as they provide innovative link between thermoplastics and thermosets. The breakthrough idea behind CANs is to at least partially replace irreversible crosslinks classic thermoset polymers with dynamic covalent bonds that allow for reversible character recyclability. Besides, also offer other popular features such self-healing, weldability, configurability, shape memory. Most are still petroleum-based, yet shifting toward more sustainable approaches of the utmost interest. Considering this high abundance lignocellulosic biomass, perspective focuses on all research found lignin-based CANs, including both those starting from fractionated lignin monomers. This clearly a new branch within bio-based holds great potential various industries. Additionally, some examples derived same building blocks given showcase chemical transformations can be used design future. Although CAN has been extended many different types bonds, imines disulfides largely prevail current literature. Lastly, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis presented, considering performance, competition, drawbacks lignin-derived CANs.

Language: Английский

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Lignin Extraction by Using Two-Step Fractionation: A Review

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 98 - 98

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Lignocellulosic biomass represents the most abundant renewable carbon source on earth and is already used for energy biofuel production. The pivotal step in conversion process involving lignocellulosic pretreatment, which aims to disrupt lignocellulose matrix. For effective a comprehensive understanding of intricate structure its compositional properties during component disintegration subsequent essential. presence lignin-carbohydrate complexes covalent interactions between them within matrix confers distinctively labile nature hemicellulose. Meanwhile, recalcitrant characteristics lignin pose challenges fractionation process, particularly delignification. Delignification critical that directly impacts purity facilitates breakdown bonds surrounding cellulose. This article discusses two-step approach efficient extraction, providing viable paths lignin-based valorization described literature. allows creation individual streams each component, tailored extract their corresponding compounds.

Language: Английский

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Flame-retardant epoxy thermosets derived from renewable resources: Research development and future perspectives

Journal of Material Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 29 - 40

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Nowadays, the predominant source for approximately 90% of epoxy resin materials worldwide is diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA). However, increasing recognition environmental concerns, such as global warming and depletion petroleum reserves, necessitates exploration alternative options, specifically bio-epoxy derived from sustainable resources. Nonetheless, inadequate flame retardancy presents a notable drawback, limiting its applicability in high-risk environments. The objective this review article to provide concise overview latest up-to-date advances flame-retardant resins sources. Firstly, discussion encompasses inherently bio-based resins, considering both monomers curing agents, focusing on their mechanical properties. Furthermore, utilization phosphorus-containing silicon-containing additives explored. Additionally, comprehensive evaluation partially intrinsically retardant provided. Finally, offers an extensive survey current state-of-the-art field future perspectives, serving valuable resource researchers engaged study

Language: Английский

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Research progress of lignin-derived materials in lithium/sodium ion batteries

Green Energy & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2024

With the increase of energy consumption, shortage fossil resource, and aggravation environmental pollution, development cost-effective friendly bio-based storage devices has become an urgent need. As second most abundant natural polymer found in nature, lignin is mainly produced as by-product paper pulping bio-refining industries. It possesses several inherent advantages, such low-cost, high carbon content, functional groups, bio-renewable, making it attractive candidate for rechargeable battery material. Consequently, there been a surge research interest utilizing or lignin-based materials components lithium-ion (LIBs) sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), including electrode, binder, separator, electrolyte. This review provides comprehensive overview on progress lignin-derived used LIBs/SIBs, especially application carbons anodes LIBs/SIBs. The preparation methods properties with different dimensions are systemically discussed, which emphasizes relationship between chemical/physical structures performances current challenges future prospects also proposed.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis and characterization of a bio-aldehyde-based lignin adhesive with desirable water resistance

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 130020 - 130020

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effect of Methoxy Groups on the Structure–Properties Relationship of Lignin-Derived Recyclable Epoxy Thermosets

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(15), P. 9312 - 9322

Published: July 24, 2024

A series of renewable lignin-derived imine hardeners (LDIHs) with different contents methoxy-group (n = 0–2) were successfully prepared using lignin-derivative aldehydes (hydroxybenzaldehyde─M0, vanillin─M1, and syringaldehyde─M2) cyclohexane diamine, used to cure epoxy monomers. The structural confirmation LDIHs was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS), NMR spectroscopy. curing behavior mechanical thermal properties the resulting thermosets evaluated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic analyzer (DMA). Enhancing number methoxy groups lowered reactivity between Interestingly, cured exhibited significantly distinct (108–106 MPa flexural strength 2.44–2.35 GPa moduli, 87–83 2.6–2.4 moduli), thermo-mechanical (3.1–2.9 glassy moduli 94–82 °C Tg), (307–288 Td5%) due incorporation varying in LDIHs. This is because oxygen content electron-donating effects high-methoxy-content thermosets. Moreover, these three can be reprocessed repaired several times without losing their incorporating bond into molecular structures. Notably, pendant attached influences performances M2 displays quickest stress relaxation level. Finally, all products showed excellent chemical stability various solvents. These remarkable findings offer important clues for comprehending structure–property link recyclable groups.

Language: Английский

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