Interplay between endogenous hormones and immune systems in human metapneumovirus pathogenesis and management DOI Creative Commons
Viviana A. Ruiz‐Pozo, Santiago Cadena-Ullauri, Rafael Tamayo‐Trujillo

et al.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 19, 2025

The present review explores the role of endogenous hormones, such as cortisol, melatonin, thyroid sex and insulin, in modulation immune response to a human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection. hMPV is respiratory pathogen responsible for severe infections, particularly vulnerable populations like children elderly. virus triggers inflammatory responses through various molecular processes, including cytokine production signaling pathways. Notably, these processes can be influenced by endocrine factors, hormones. Cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, modulates inflammation but may contribute immunosuppression. Melatonin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, reducing lung inflammation. Thyroid hormones regulate via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) JAK/STAT pathways, while hypothyroidism alter infection severity. Sex estrogens, enhance antiviral immunity, whereas androgens have variable effects on modulation. Insulin influences NF-κB suppression, with insulin resistance potentially worsening viral pathogenesis. Therapeutic implications suggest that modulating hormonal pathways could aid management. Strategies hormone therapy, glucocorticoid regulation, nanoparticle-based drug delivery are potential routes intervention. aim understand complex interplay between system during an describing mechanisms associated processes.

Language: Английский

Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Ribavirin and Mycophenolic Acid for Enhanced Antiviral Therapeutics DOI Creative Commons

Mayra Alejandra Castañeda Cataña,

Andrea P. Rivas Marquina,

Martín M. Dodes Traian

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 138 - 138

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

The global spread of viral diseases is a public health issue. Ribavirin (RBV) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) are well-known wide-spectrum antiviral agents. present study evaluated the potential bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (NPs) as vehicle to improve efficacy molecules with activity. results demonstrated that NPs offer promising strategy for delivery drugs, improving their stability reducing toxicity compared free BSA-based effectively encapsulated hydrophilic such MPA water-soluble compounds RBV, achieving encapsulation efficiencies 10% 20%, respectively. purified exhibited particle size between 60 100 nm did not show at concentrations. In cellular infection models against Zika virus (ZIKV), Junín (JUNV), vesicular stomatitis (VSV) herpes simplex (HSV-1), loaded or RBV properties superior those non-encapsulated agents, well 100- 200-fold effective dose reductions, These findings clearly indicate BSA novel platform development safer more efficient therapies.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Interplay between endogenous hormones and immune systems in human metapneumovirus pathogenesis and management DOI Creative Commons
Viviana A. Ruiz‐Pozo, Santiago Cadena-Ullauri, Rafael Tamayo‐Trujillo

et al.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 19, 2025

The present review explores the role of endogenous hormones, such as cortisol, melatonin, thyroid sex and insulin, in modulation immune response to a human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection. hMPV is respiratory pathogen responsible for severe infections, particularly vulnerable populations like children elderly. virus triggers inflammatory responses through various molecular processes, including cytokine production signaling pathways. Notably, these processes can be influenced by endocrine factors, hormones. Cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, modulates inflammation but may contribute immunosuppression. Melatonin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, reducing lung inflammation. Thyroid hormones regulate via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) JAK/STAT pathways, while hypothyroidism alter infection severity. Sex estrogens, enhance antiviral immunity, whereas androgens have variable effects on modulation. Insulin influences NF-κB suppression, with insulin resistance potentially worsening viral pathogenesis. Therapeutic implications suggest that modulating hormonal pathways could aid management. Strategies hormone therapy, glucocorticoid regulation, nanoparticle-based drug delivery are potential routes intervention. aim understand complex interplay between system during an describing mechanisms associated processes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0