Multifunctional Hydrogel Microneedles (HMNs) in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 206 - 206

Published: March 15, 2025

Hydrogel microneedles (HMNs) have emerged as a transformative platform for minimally invasive drug delivery and biosensing, offering enhanced bioavailability, controlled release, real-time biomarker detection. By leveraging swelling hydrogels, nanomaterial integration, stimuli-responsive properties, HMNs provide precision medicine capabilities across diverse therapeutic diagnostic applications. However, challenges remain in mechanical stability, hydrogel-based MNs must balance flexibility with sufficient strength skin penetration. Drug retention release require optimization to prevent premature diffusion ensure sustained effects. Additionally, biosensing accuracy is influenced by variability interstitial fluid extraction signal transduction. Clinical translation hindered regulatory hurdles, scalability concerns, the need extensive safety validation human trials. This review critically examines key materials, fabrication techniques, functional testing frameworks of while addressing these limitations. Furthermore, we explore future research directions smart wearable MNs, AI-assisted hybrid drug–device platforms optimize transdermal medicine. Overcoming barriers will drive clinical adoption HMNs, paving way next-generation patient-centered therapeutics diagnostics.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Insights into Brain Inflammation: Stem-Cell-Based Approaches for Regenerative Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3275 - 3275

Published: April 1, 2025

Neuroinflammation is a complex immune response triggered by brain injury or pathological stimuli, and highly exacerbated in neurodegenerative diseases. It plays dual role the central nervous system, promoting repair acute stages while aggravating disease progression contributing to neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, glial dysregulation chronic phases. Inflammatory responses are mainly orchestrated microglia infiltrated monocytes, which, when dysregulated, not only harm existing neurons, but also impair survival differentiation of neural stem progenitor cells affected regions. Modulating neuroinflammation crucial for harnessing its protective functions minimizing detrimental effects. Current therapeutic strategies focus on fine-tuning inflammatory through pharmacological agents, bioactive molecules, cell-based therapies. These approaches aim restore homeostasis, support neuroprotection, promote regeneration various neurological disorders. However, animal models sometimes fail reproduce human-specific brain. In this context, stem-cell-derived provide powerful tool study neuroinflammatory mechanisms patient-specific physiologically relevant context. facilitate high-throughput screening, personalized medicine, development targeted therapies addressing limitations traditional models, paving way more effective treatments.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes Induce Crosstalk Between Multiple Types of Cells and Cardiac Fibroblasts: Therapeutic Potential for Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 10605 - 10621

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Recanalization therapy can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, or reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte death, immune cell infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, and scarring formation lead to cardiac remodeling gradually progress heart failure arrhythmia, resulting in a high mortality rate. Due inability cardiomyocytes regenerate, healing infarcted myocardium mainly relies on scars. Cardiac fibroblasts, as main effector cells involved repair scar formation, play crucial role maintaining structural integrity after MI. Recent studies have revealed that exosome-mediated intercellular communication plays huge signaling transduction (MI). Exosomes regulate biological behavior fibroblasts by activating inhibiting intracellular pathways through their contents, which are derived from cardiomyocytes, cells, endothelial mesenchymal others. Understanding interactions between other types during will be key breakthrough therapies. This review examines exosomes different sources process MI injury, especially impacts remodeling, explores use treatment

Language: Английский

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Biodegradable gelatin methacryloyl microneedles: a new paradigm in transdermal drug delivery

Archives of Pharmacal Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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3D Culture of MSCs for Clinical Application

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1199 - 1199

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in regenerative medicine and drug discovery due to their multipotential differentiation capabilities immunomodulatory effects. Compared with traditional 2D cultures of MSCs, 3D MSCs have emerged as effective approach enhance cell viability, proliferation, functionality, provide a more relevant physiological environment. Here, we review the therapeutic potential 3D-cultured highlighting roles tissue regeneration repair screening. We further summarize successful cases that apply modeling disease states, enabling identification novel strategies. Despite these promising applications, discuss challenges remain clinical translation MSC technologies, including stability, heterogeneity, regulatory issues. conclude by addressing obstacles emphasizing need for research fully exploit practice.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Research of Hydrogel Microneedle-Based Delivery Systems for Disease Treatment

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1571 - 1571

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Microneedles (MNs), composed of multiple micron-scale needle-like structures attached to a base, offer minimally invasive approach for transdermal drug delivery by penetrating the stratum corneum and delivering therapeutic agents directly epidermis or dermis. Hydrogel microneedles (HMNs) stand out among various MN types due their excellent biocompatibility, high drug-loading capacity, tunable drug-release properties. This review systematically examines matrix materials fabrication methods HMN systems, highlighting advancements in natural synthetic polymers, explores applications treating conditions such as wound healing, hair loss, cardiovascular diseases, cancer. Furthermore, potential HMNs disease diagnostics is discussed. The identifies key challenges, including limited mechanical strength, efficiency, lack standardization, while proposing strategies overcome these issues. With integration intelligent design enhanced control over dosage safety, are poised revolutionize expand personalized medicine.

Language: Английский

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