In
this
study,
vermiculite
was
modified
and
used
in
the
decolorization
of
wastewater
containing
methylene
blue.
Taguchi
experimental
design
method
applied
to
process.
An
L
16
orthogonal
array
obtained
according
by
determining
five
factors
effective
on
process
(pH,
time,
concentration,
amount,
temperature)
four
levels
these
factors.
determined
concentration
as
most
factor.
It
suggested
pH
3,
60
min,
5
mg.L
−1
,
2
g.L
50°C
optimum
conditions.
Equilibrium
studies
were
carried
out
with
Langmuir,
Freundlich,
Temkin,
Dubinin–Radushkevich
isotherm
models,
found
be
compatible
Langmuir
(
R
=
0.9103)
0.9344)
model.
that
material
had
a
maximum
capacity
9.60
mg.g
.
kinetic
conducted
pseudo-first-order,
pseudo-second-order,
intraparticle
diffusion
complied
pseudo-first-order
0.9903)
0.9811)
models.
The
chemical
composition
determined,
phase
analysis
performed.
By
Branuer–Teller–Emmet
analysis,
it
exhibited
higher
surface
area
(8.00
m
/g)
modifying
it.
seen
result
Fourier
transform-infrared
spectroscopy
active
functional
groups
similar
for
vermiculite.
Mass
losses
both
materials
evaluated
thermal
analysis.
Lignin
is
an
abundantly
available
biopolymer
and
as
such
has
emerging
potential
for
utilization
in
value-added
applications.
The
designed
industrial-scale
process
utilizes
equipment
that
currently
use
on
industrial
scale,
which
favors
the
scale-up
of
process.
A
novel
model
Aspen
Plus
provides
mass
energy
balances
production
main
processing
steps
are
lignin
solution
preparation,
epoxidation
reaction,
solvent
separation,
recycling,
product
recovery.
itself
produces
a
negligible
amount
waste
no
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
emissions
utility
depend
source
fall
close
to
zero
if
green
used.
recycling
rates
unreacted
solvents
over
99%,
it
possible
biobased
Efficient
key
parameter
profitability
minimum
selling
price
epoxidized
kraft
was
estimated
0.68
€/kg
when
produced
plant
integrated
with
existing
pulp
mill
or
biorefinery.
This
research
shows
technically
economically
feasible
current
adhesive
coatings
markets.
