Reprogramming of Glucose Metabolism by Nanocarriers to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Applications DOI Creative Commons

Kehua Jiang,

Hongming Liu, Xiaolong Chen

et al.

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 4201 - 4234

Published: April 1, 2025

Although immunotherapy has made significant progress in cancer treatment, its limited responsiveness greatly hindered widespread clinical application. The Warburg effect tumor cells creates a microenvironment (TME) characterized by hypoxia, low glucose levels, and high lactate which severely inhibits the antitumor immune response. Consequently, targeting metabolism to reprogram TME is considered an effective strategy for reversing immunosuppression evasion. Numerous studies have been conducted on enhancing efficacy through delivery of modulators via nanocarriers. This review provides comprehensive overview metabolic characteristics tumors their impacts system, as well nanodelivery strategies enhance immunotherapy. These include inhibiting key glycolytic enzymes, blocking transporters, utilizing oxidase oxidase. Furthermore, this article reviews recent advancements synergistic therapy involving metabolism-targeted combined with other treatments, such chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), phototherapy, Finally, we discuss limitations future prospects nanotechnology therapy, hoping provide new directions ideas improve

Language: Английский

Reprogramming of Glucose Metabolism by Nanocarriers to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Applications DOI Creative Commons

Kehua Jiang,

Hongming Liu, Xiaolong Chen

et al.

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 4201 - 4234

Published: April 1, 2025

Although immunotherapy has made significant progress in cancer treatment, its limited responsiveness greatly hindered widespread clinical application. The Warburg effect tumor cells creates a microenvironment (TME) characterized by hypoxia, low glucose levels, and high lactate which severely inhibits the antitumor immune response. Consequently, targeting metabolism to reprogram TME is considered an effective strategy for reversing immunosuppression evasion. Numerous studies have been conducted on enhancing efficacy through delivery of modulators via nanocarriers. This review provides comprehensive overview metabolic characteristics tumors their impacts system, as well nanodelivery strategies enhance immunotherapy. These include inhibiting key glycolytic enzymes, blocking transporters, utilizing oxidase oxidase. Furthermore, this article reviews recent advancements synergistic therapy involving metabolism-targeted combined with other treatments, such chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), phototherapy, Finally, we discuss limitations future prospects nanotechnology therapy, hoping provide new directions ideas improve

Language: Английский

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