Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 2017(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Oxidative stress is the result of imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and enzymatic nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers oxidative are relevant in evaluation disease status health‐enhancing effects We aim to discuss major methodological bias methods used for humans. There a lack consensus concerning validation, standardization, reproducibility measurement following: (1) ROS leukocytes platelets by flow cytometry, (2) markers based on ROS‐induced modifications lipids, DNA, proteins, (3) players redox status, (4) total antioxidant capacity human body fluids. It has been suggested that each method could be overcome using indexes include more than one marker. However, choice considered global index should dictated study its design, as well clinical relevance selected subjects. In conclusion, significance biomarkers humans must come from critical analysis give an overall particular conditions.

Language: Английский

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Endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants in the human body

Advances in Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 68 - 78

Published: Aug. 17, 2017

Language: Английский

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Physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid: A review

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 487 - 493

Published: March 14, 2017

Uric acid is synthesized mainly in the liver, intestines and vascular endothelium as end product of an exogenous pool purines, endogenously from damaged, dying dead cells, whereby nucleic acids, adenine guanine, are degraded into uric acid. Mentioning generates dread because it established etiological agent severe, acute chronic inflammatory arthritis, gout implicated initiation progress metabolic syndrome. Yet, predominant anti-oxidant molecule plasma necessary sufficient for induction type 2 immune responses. These properties may explain its protective potential neurological infectious diseases, schistosomiasis. The pivotal against blood-borne pathogens autoimmune diseases yet to be established.

Language: Английский

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Uric acid and cardiovascular disease

Clinica Chimica Acta, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 484, P. 150 - 163

Published: May 24, 2018

Language: Английский

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Potential Mechanisms Connecting Purine Metabolism and Cancer Therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 30, 2018

Unrestricted cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. Purines are basic components nucleotides in proliferation, thus impaired purine metabolism associated with the progression The de novo biosynthesis depends on six enzymes to catalyze conversion phosphoribosylpyrophosphate inosine 5'-monophosphate. These cluster around mitochondria and microtubules form purinosome, which multi-enzyme complex involved requirement. In this review, we highlighted purinosome biology emphasis therapeutic potential manipulating or cancers. We also reviewed current advances our understanding mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) for regulating formation cancers, discussed future prospects targeting treat

Language: Английский

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From purines to purinergic signalling: molecular functions and human diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: April 28, 2021

Abstract Purines and their derivatives, most notably adenosine ATP, are the key molecules controlling intracellular energy homoeostasis nucleotide synthesis. Besides, these purines support, as chemical messengers, purinergic transmission throughout tissues species. act endogenous ligands that bind to activate plasmalemmal purinoceptors, which mediate extracellular communication referred “purinergic signalling”. Purinergic signalling is cross-linked with other transmitter networks coordinate numerous aspects of cell behaviour such proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis physiological processes critical for proper function organisms. Pathological deregulation contributes various diseases including neurodegeneration, rheumatic immune diseases, inflammation, cancer. Particularly, gout one prevalent purine-related disease caused by purine metabolism disorder consequent hyperuricemia. Compelling evidence indicates purinoceptors potential therapeutic targets, specific agonists antagonists demonstrating prominent potential. Furthermore, dietary herbal interventions help restore balance metabolism, thus addressing importance a healthy lifestyle in prevention relief human disorders. Profound understanding molecular mechanisms provides new exciting insights into treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Rhein modulates host purine metabolism in intestine through gut microbiota and ameliorates experimental colitis

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(23), P. 10665 - 10679

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Background: Gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), might have therapeutic benefits for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Targeting gut microbiota represents new treatment strategy IBD patients. Rhein is one of the main components rhubarb and exhibits poor oral bioavailability but still exerts anti-inflammatory effects some diseases. Therefore, we investigated effect rhein on studied its possible mechanisms. Methods: The chronic mouse model was induced by four rounds 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. mice were treated with 50 mg/kg 100 daily, body weight, colon length, histological score, cytokines serum intestine, fecal lipocalin 2 concentration determined. Th17 cell, Th1 cell Th2 infiltration mesenteric lymph node analyzed flow cytometry. Metabolic profiles collected non-targeted metabolomics key metabolic pathways identified using MetaboAnalyst 4.0. We also assessed intestinal barrier permeability performed 16s rDNA sequencing. Lactobacillus sp. cultured, transplantation (FMT) employed to evaluate contribution microbiota. Results: could significantly alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Uric acid as modulator led decreased uric levels. determined that changed purine metabolism indirectly, while probiotic involved regulation host metabolism. resulted worsened barrier, be rescued rhein. further confirmed rhein-treated sufficient relieve FMT. Conclusion: showed modulate indirectly intestine subsequently alleviated Our study has approach clinical

Language: Английский

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Physiology of Hyperuricemia and Urate-Lowering Treatments

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: May 31, 2018

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and a multifactorial disease typically characterised by hyperuricemia monosodium urate crystal deposition predominantly in, but not limited to, joints urinary tract. The prevalence gout has increased in developed countries over past two decades research into area become progressively more active. We review current field knowledge with emphasis on active areas including underlying physiology, genetics epidemiology, focus studies which suggest association comorbidities cardiovascular disease, renal insufficiency, metabolic syndrome diabetes. Finally, we discuss therapies emerging drug discovery efforts aimed at delivering an optimised clinical treatment strategy.

Language: Английский

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Re‐evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(4)

Published: April 1, 2023

In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. 2016, the European Commission mandated to re-evaluate risks public health from presence in foodstuffs and establish (TDI). For this re-evaluation, pre-established protocol was used that had undergone consultation. The CEP Panel concluded it is Unlikely Very presents genotoxic hazard through direct mechanism. Taking into consideration evidence animal data support human observational studies, immune system identified as most sensitive exposure. An effect on Th17 cells mice critical effect; these are pivotal cellular mechanisms involved development inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) 8.2 ng/kg bw day, expressed equivalent dose, effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed probability 57-73% lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) other effects below RP based cells. view this, judged an additional uncertainty factor (UF) 2 needed establishing TDI. Applying overall UF 50 RP, TDI 0.2 ng BPA/kg day established. Comparison with dietary exposure estimates 2015 opinion showed both mean 95th percentile exposures all age groups exceeded by two three orders magnitude. Even considering assessment, exceedance being so large, there concern

Language: Английский

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Uric Acid and Oxidative Stress—Relationship with Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Renal Impairment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 3188 - 3188

Published: March 16, 2022

Background: The connection between uric acid (UA) and renal impairment is well known due to the urate capacity precipitate within tubules or extra-renal system. Emerging studies allege a new hypothesis concerning UA involving pro-inflammatory status, endothelial dysfunction, excessive activation of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Additionally, hyperuricemia associated with oxidative stress incriminated in DNA damage, oxidations, inflammatory cytokine production, even cell apoptosis. There also increasing evidence regarding association chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Important aspects need be clarified predisposition its effects order initiate proper treatment determine optimal maintenance level, improving patients’ long-term prognosis their quality life.

Language: Английский

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