Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
32(46)
Published: Sept. 9, 2022
Abstract
The
electrocatalytic
performance
of
nanomaterials
can
be
enhanced
by
fine‐tuning
the
coordination
environment
and
number
low‐coordination
atoms.
Confinement
engineering
is
most
effective
strategy
for
precise
chemical
synthesis
electrocatalysts
through
modulation
electron
transfer
properties,
atomic
arrangement,
molecular
structure
in
a
confined
region.
It
not
only
alters
environments
to
adjust
formation
mechanism
active
centers,
but
also
regulates
physicochemical
properties
electrocatalysts.
Consequently,
nucleation,
transportation,
stabilization
intermediate
species
electrocatalysis
are
optimized,
then
improve
covering
activity,
stability,
selectivity.
In
this
review,
confinement
introduced
terms
definition,
classification,
construction,
basic
principles.
Then,
latest
advances
oxygen
reduction
reaction,
hydrogen
evolution
nitrogen
carbon
dioxide
reaction
systematically
evaluated.
Furthermore,
using
representative
experimental
results
theoretical
calculations,
structure‐activity
relationships
between
illustrated.
Finally,
potential
challenges
future
development
prospects
highlighted,
with
focus
on
controlling
construction
environments,
investigating
uncommon
catalytic
regions,
practical
applications.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(14), P. 8285 - 8285
Published: July 6, 2022
Nowadays,
the
combustion
of
fossil
fuels
for
transportation
has
a
major
negative
impact
on
environment.
All
nations
are
concerned
with
environmental
safety
and
regulation
pollution,
motivating
researchers
across
world
to
find
an
alternate
fuel.
The
transition
sector
towards
sustainability
can
be
achieved
by
manifestation
commercialization
clean
hydrogen
Hydrogen
fuel
sustainable
mobility
its
own
effectiveness
in
terms
generation
refueling
processes.
As
requirement
vehicles
cannot
anticipated
because
it
depends
utilization,
choosing
onboard
point
concern.
This
review
article
describes
present
status
utilization
particular
focus
industry.
advantages
internal
discussed.
In
performance,
affordability,
lifetime,
hydrogen-generating
subsystems
must
compete
what
automobile
manufacturers
consumers
have
seen
modern
date.
engines,
various
benefits
combustive
properties,
but
needs
careful
engine
design
avoid
anomalous
combustion,
which
is
difficulty
engines.
Automobile
makers
buyers
will
not
invest
cell
technology
until
technologies
that
make
up
components
advanced
acceptable
levels
cost,
reliability,
durability,
safety.
Above
all,
substantial
advancement
stack
required.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
32(46)
Published: Sept. 9, 2022
Abstract
The
electrocatalytic
performance
of
nanomaterials
can
be
enhanced
by
fine‐tuning
the
coordination
environment
and
number
low‐coordination
atoms.
Confinement
engineering
is
most
effective
strategy
for
precise
chemical
synthesis
electrocatalysts
through
modulation
electron
transfer
properties,
atomic
arrangement,
molecular
structure
in
a
confined
region.
It
not
only
alters
environments
to
adjust
formation
mechanism
active
centers,
but
also
regulates
physicochemical
properties
electrocatalysts.
Consequently,
nucleation,
transportation,
stabilization
intermediate
species
electrocatalysis
are
optimized,
then
improve
covering
activity,
stability,
selectivity.
In
this
review,
confinement
introduced
terms
definition,
classification,
construction,
basic
principles.
Then,
latest
advances
oxygen
reduction
reaction,
hydrogen
evolution
nitrogen
carbon
dioxide
reaction
systematically
evaluated.
Furthermore,
using
representative
experimental
results
theoretical
calculations,
structure‐activity
relationships
between
illustrated.
Finally,
potential
challenges
future
development
prospects
highlighted,
with
focus
on
controlling
construction
environments,
investigating
uncommon
catalytic
regions,
practical
applications.
