Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 314, P. 134166 - 134166
Published: Dec. 10, 2024
Language: Английский
Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 314, P. 134166 - 134166
Published: Dec. 10, 2024
Language: Английский
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Language: Английский
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2Published: June 26, 2024
Abstract Sustainable hydrogen generation is undoubtedly a crucial goal in creating alternative energy systems for the future, aiming to offer clean and cost-effective solution. Currently, limited availability of readily accessible sources compels exploration various methods its production. This study presents new approach systematic evaluate production from heavy-oil presence water as green agent at sub-critical, near-critical supercritical conditions. In this work, heavy-crude oil Ashal’cha heavy oilfield (Russia) was used feedstock hydrothermal conversion (HTC) process PdO/Al2O3 Platinum-Group Metal Catalyst-based (PGMC). The HTC experiments (with without catalyst) were carried out using high/temperature & pressure-reactor under temperatures 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, reaction times 1, 3, 6 hours. Obtained products (using material-balance), including gases, liquid, coke (if formed), analyzed understand dehydrogenation, performance different conditions advance techniques GC, elemental analysis, dynamic viscosity. Moreover, role an additional source evaluated 300°C 6h time deuterium tracing FTIR spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) isotope analysis both gases liquid (upgraded) products. According results catalytic non-catalytic process, proposed favorable improving rate H2 hydrogen-rich evolved such CH4 well upgrading general. Heavy crude with only yields varying concentrations minimum value 0.1009 vol.% (6.57085×10-5 gr.) 300 ºC 1h, maximum 9.0754 (0.0357 g.) 400ºC 6h. Introducing into system improved achieved concentration 18.8605 vol% (0.0995 time. addition, ranging 0.4099 (0.0043 38.6471 (3.2719 (like CH4) 400°C h PdO/Al2O3. It found that even possible. material balance, catalyst increases yield converted (from 58.64 wt.% 66.15 wt.%) while decreasing amount condensed 19.45 11.28 increasing rich (CH4) increased particularly advantageous it directly correlates higher availability. outlined extended lead decreased formation. Specifically, hours, methane generation, illustrating temperature's critical maximizing hydrocarbon lighter gases. FTIR, isotone changes GC-MS spectra, proved donor. paper introduces innovative catalyst. findings can assist practicing engineers developing efficient, systems, especially scenarios where traditional fossil fuels are primary source. research contributes growing body knowledge sustainable solutions within industry.
Language: Английский
Citations
1Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
0Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 314, P. 134166 - 134166
Published: Dec. 10, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
0