Molecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
30(5), P. 1127 - 1127
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
The
global
imperative
for
clean
energy
solutions
has
positioned
photocatalytic
water
splitting
as
a
promising
pathway
sustainable
hydrogen
production.
This
review
comprehensively
analyzes
recent
advances
in
TiO2-based
systems,
focusing
on
materials
engineering,
source
effects,
and
scale-up
strategies.
We
recognize
the
advancements
nanoscale
architectural
design,
engineered
heterojunction
of
catalysts,
cocatalyst
integration,
which
have
significantly
enhanced
efficiency.
Particular
emphasis
is
placed
crucial
role
chemistry
system
performance,
analyzing
how
different
sources-from
wastewater
to
seawater-impact
evolution
rates
stability.
Additionally,
addresses
key
challenges
scaling
up
these
including
optimization
reactor
light
distribution,
mass
transfer.
Recent
developments
artificial
intelligence-driven
discovery
process
are
discussed,
along
with
emerging
opportunities
bio-hybrid
systems
CO2
reduction
coupling.
Through
critical
analysis,
we
identify
fundamental
propose
strategic
research
directions
advancing
technology
toward
practical
implementation.
work
will
provide
comprehensive
framework
exploring
advanced
composite
developing
efficient
scalable
multifunctional
simultaneous
Green energy and fuel research.,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 17, 2025
Review
Advancing
Hydrogen
Development
from
2015
to
2024
and
Mitigating
Noₓ
Emissions
Hydrogen-Enriched
Combustion
for
a
Cleaner
Energy
Future
Yi-Kai
Chih
1,*,
Shang-Rong
Kuo
2,
Jing-Jie
Wang
2
1
Department
of
Chemical
Materials
Engineering,
National
University
Kaohsiung,
Kaohsiung
811,
Taiwan
Greenergy,
Tainan,
Tainan
701,
*
Correspondence:
[email protected]
or
[email protected]
Received:
13
December
2024;
Revised:
4
March
2025;
Accepted:
Published:
17
2025
Abstract:
This
study
explores
hydrogen
energy’s
transformative
role
in
achieving
net-zero
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
focusing
on
mitigating
nitrogen
oxides
(NOx),
byproduct
hydrogen-enriched
fuel
combustion.
Driven
by
rapid
growth
research
2024,
it
highlights
hydrogen’s
potential
address
critical
energy
environmental
challenges.
production
is
classified
into
thermolysis,
biophotolysis,
electrolysis,
photoelectrochemical
processes,
with
distinct
sources
outputs.
Color
codes
denote
types:
green
(electrolysis
using
renewables),
blue
(carbon
capture
natural
reforming),
gray
(no
carbon
capture),
pink
(nuclear-powered),
turquoise
(methane
decomposition).
By
2050,
hydrogen,
aligned
decarbonization
goals
declining
costs,
expected
dominate
the
market,
while
will
act
as
transitional
source.
The
paper
emphasizes
importance
pricing,
regional
cost
disparities,
strategic
investments
enhance
low-emission
competitiveness.
However,
major
challenge
increased
NOx
emissions
higher
combustion
temperatures.
reviews
key
mitigation
strategies,
including
hydrogen-natural
blending,
staged
combustion,
exhaust
recirculation
(EGR),
post-combustion
measures
such
Selective
Catalytic
Reduction
(SCR).
Among
these,
EGR
effectively
lowers
peak
temperatures,
optimizes
fuel-air
mixing
minimize
formation.
Additionally,
SCR
remains
one
most
efficient
solutions,
reducing
over
80%
various
applications.
demonstrates
how
these
strategies
can
maximize
minimizing
impacts.
