Hierarchical Energy Management and Energy Saving Potential Analysis for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Tractors

Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 247 - 247

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

To address the challenges faced by fuel cell hybrid electric tractors (FCHETs) equipped with a battery and supercapacitor, including complex coordination of multiple energy sources, low power allocation efficiency, unclear optimal consumption, this paper proposes two management strategies (EMSs): one based on hierarchical instantaneous optimization (HIO) other multi-dimensional dynamic programming final state constraints (MDDP-FSC). The proposed HIO-based EMS utilizes low-pass filter fuzzy logic correction in its upper-level strategy to manage high-frequency using supercapacitor. lower-level optimizes efficiency allocating low-frequency stable principle minimizing equivalent consumption. Validation hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform comparative analysis demonstrate that effectively improves transient operating conditions cell, extending their lifespan enhancing system efficiency. Furthermore, achieves 95.20% level hydrogen consumption compared MDDP-FSC-based EMS, validating superiority. avoids extensive debugging efforts required achieve equilibrium, while providing valuable insights into global potential multi-energy source FCHETs.

Language: Английский

Advanced Temperature Design for Dynamic Performance Enhancement of PEMFCs Under High Current Density (HCD)

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Abstract The dynamic performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under high current density (HCD) rapid loading is crucial for commercialization. This study introduces an advanced temperature difference (TD) design featuring in‐plane gradient. By reconstructing cooling channels, optimal distribution across the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions achieves balanced water‐gas‐heat conditions, enhancing response PEMFCs HCD loading. Various TD designs are investigated a broad humidity range, innovatively focusing on key moments involving load initiation, transient voltage minimum (TVM), steady‐state (SSV). Comprehensive evaluations encompassing energy consumption assess enhancements, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) local monitoring further elucidate underlying mechanisms. Results show positive (PTD) enhances hydration upstream mitigates flooding low‐humidity conditions. Conversely, negative (NTD) tends to dehydration downstream. At RH = 35%, PTD increases TVM by 18.2%, decreases undershoot (VU) 12.5%, raises SSV 5.67%, electricity output 7%. As increases, effect gradually weakens, though it still benefits uniformity.

Language: Английский