Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5352 - 5352

Published: March 10, 2023

More than three years ago, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic with millions of deaths. In meantime, SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic and is now part repertoire viruses causing seasonal severe respiratory infections. Due to several factors, among them development immunity through natural infection, vaccination current dominance seemingly less pathogenic strains belonging omicron lineage, situation stabilized. However, challenges remain possible new occurrence highly variants remains a threat. Here we review development, features importance assays measuring neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). particular focus on in vitro infection molecular interaction studying binding receptor domain (RBD) its cognate cellular ACE2. These assays, but not measurement SARS-CoV-2-specific per se, can inform us whether produced by convalescent or vaccinated subjects may protect against thus have potential predict risk becoming newly infected. This information extremely important given fact that considerable number subjects, vulnerable persons, respond poorly production antibodies. Furthermore, these allow determine evaluate virus-neutralizing capacity induced vaccines administration plasma-, immunoglobulin preparations, monoclonal antibodies, ACE2 synthetic compounds be used for therapy assist preclinical evaluation vaccines. Both types relatively quickly adapted emerging virus about magnitude cross-neutralization, which even estimate infected appearing variants. Given paramount discuss their specific features, advantages disadvantages, technical aspects yet fully resolved issues, such as cut-off levels predicting degree vivo protection.

Language: Английский

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Homologous or heterologous administration of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored vaccines show comparable immunogenicity and effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 432 - 444

Published: March 22, 2024

Heterologous prime-boost schedules have been employed in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, yet additional data on immunogenicity and effectiveness are still needed.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in Nursing Home Residents in Belgium Throughout Three BNT162b2 Vaccination Rounds: 19-Month Follow-Up

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 409 - 409

Published: April 15, 2025

Background/Objectives: This study mapped antibody dynamics across three COVID-19 vaccination rounds (primary course, first, and second booster with BNT162b2) in Belgian nursing home residents (NHRs). Methods: Within a national SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance (February 2021–September 2022) homes, dried blood spots were collected, on which anti-spike IgG antibodies quantified by ELISA international units/mL (IU/mL). Sociodemographic data collected at the start infection history each sampling round. Results: Infection-naïve NHRs had low levels after primary course (geometric mean concentration (GMC) 292 IU/mL, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 197–432), but increased tenfold first (GMC 2168 CI: 1554–3027). While among significantly declined within six months (p < 0.0001), they remained stable for nine post-booster > 0.05). Among vaccine non-responders, 92% 82–97%) developed 594 416–849), though lower than initial responders 4642 3577–6022). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that require tailored vaccination, prioritizing repeated immunization to improve serological outcomes poor such as infection-naive NHRs. Regular immune monitoring could aid implementing evidence-based strategies, ensuring optimal protection vulnerable populations against other infectious threats.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine Based on Recombinant Fusion Protein Combining Hepatitis B Virus PreS with SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type- and Omicron-Derived Receptor Binding Domain Strongly Induces Omicron-Neutralizing Antibodies in a Murine Model

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 229 - 229

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Background: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a recurrent endemic disease affecting whole world. Since November 2021, Omicron and its subvariants have dominated in spread of disease. In order to prevent courses disease, vaccines are needed boost maintain antibody levels capable neutralizing Omicron. Recently, we produced characterized SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on recombinant fusion protein consisting hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived PreS two wild-type RBDs. Objectives: To develop PreS-RBD which induces high Omicron-specific antibodies. Methods: We designed, produced, compared strain-specific (wild-type: W-PreS-W; Omicron: O-PreS-O), bivalent (mix W-PreS-W O-PreS-O) chimeric (i.e., W-PreS-O) subunit vaccines. Immunogens were vitro using chemical methods, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism combination with thermal denaturation immunological methods. addition, BALB/c mice immunized aluminum–hydroxide-adsorbed proteins aluminum hydroxide alone placebo) study specific cytokine responses, safety neutralization. Results: Defined pure immunogens could be significant quantities as secreted folded mammalian cells. The antibodies induced after vaccination different doses strain-specific, reacted RBD dose-dependent manner resulted mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Interestingly, RBD-specific IgG comparable, but W-PreS-O-induced neutralization titers against (median VNT50: 5000) seven- twofold higher than W-PreS-W- O-PreS-O-specific ones, respectively, they six-fold those vaccine. Conclusion: Among tested immunogens, vaccine, W-PreS-O, highest Thus, W-PreS-O seems highly promising COVID-19 candidate for further preclinical clinical evaluation.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine Based on Recombinant Fusion Protein Combining HBV PreS with SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type- and Omicron-Derived RBD Strongly Induces Omicron-Neutralizing Antibodies

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Background: COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a recurrent endemic disease affecting whole world. Since November 2021, Omicron and its subvariants are dominating. In order to prevent courses of disease, vaccines needed boost maintain antibody levels capable neutralizing Omicron. Recently we produced characterized SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on recombinant fusion protein consisting hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived PreS two wild-type RBDs. Objectives: To develop PreS-RBD which induces high Omicron-specific antibodies. Methods: We designed, produced, compared strain-specific (wild-type: W-PreS-W; Omicron: O-PreS-O), bivalent (mix W-PreS-W O-PreS-O) chimeric (i.e., W-PreS-O) subunit vaccines. Immunogens were in vitro chemical methods, mass-spectrometry, circular dichroism combination with thermal denaturation immunological methods. addition, BALB/c mice immunized aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed proteins hydroxide alone placebo) study specific cytokine responses, safety neutralization. Results: Defined pure immunogens could be large amounts as secreted folded mammalian cells. Antibodies induced after vaccination different doses strain-specific, reacted RBD dose-dependent manner resulted mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Interestingly, RBD-specific IgG comparable but W-PreS-O-induced neutralization titers against (median VNT50: 5000) 7- 2-fold higher than W-PreS-W- O-PreS-O-specific ones, respectively 6-fold those vaccine. Conclusion: Among tested immunogens, vaccine, W-PreS-O, highest Thus, W-PreS-O seems highly promising candidate for further preclinical clinical evaluation.

Language: Английский

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