Mechanisms of hypoxia signalling: new implications for nephrology

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 641 - 659

Published: Sept. 5, 2019

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia-inducible factors: master regulators of hypoxic tumor immune escape

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 3, 2022

Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment in various types cancers, weakens cytotoxic T cell function and causes recruitment regulatory cells, thereby reducing tumoral immunogenicity. Studies have demonstrated that hypoxia hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1 2 alpha (HIF1A HIF2A) are involved immune escape. Under hypoxia, activation HIF1A induces series signaling events, including through programmed death receptor-1/programmed ligand-1. Moreover, triggers shedding complex class I chain-associated molecules nitric oxide impairment to disrupt surveillance by natural killer cells. The HIF-1-galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1-sulfatide axis enhances escape via increased cell-platelet binding. HIF2A upregulates stem factor expression recruit tumor-infiltrating mast cells increase levels cytokines interleukin-10 transforming growth factor-β, resulting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Additionally, tumor-associated long noncoding RNAs suppresses function, enabling Overall, elucidating underlying mechanisms which HIFs promote evasion will allow for targeting HIF treatment. This review discusses current knowledge how facilitate escape, with evidence date implicating as molecular target such provides further insight into mechanism strategies immunotherapy suggested.

Language: Английский

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NK Cell Exhaustion

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 28, 2017

Natural killer cells are important effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system, playing critical roles in anti-tumor and anti-infection host defense. Tumor progression or chronic infections, however, usually leads to exhaustion NK cells, thus limiting anti-tumor/infection potential cells. In many tumors multiple mechanisms might contribute such as dysregulated cell receptors signaling, well suppressive effects by regulatory soluble factors within microenvironment. Better understanding characteristics, underlying exhaustion, not only should increase our basic biology but also could reveal novel cell-based targets. Here, we provide an overview current knowledge on tumors, infections.

Language: Английский

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Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages: Sources and Targets

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental for macrophages to eliminate invasive microorganisms. However, as observed in nonphagocytic cells, ROS play essential roles processes that different from pathogen killing, signal transduction, differentiation, and gene expression. The outcomes of these events likely depend on the specific subcellular site formation, well duration extent production. While excessive accumulation has long been appreciated its detrimental effects, there is now a deeper understanding their signaling molecules. This could explain failure "all or none" pharmacologic approach with global antioxidants treat several diseases. NADPH oxidase first source identified macrophages. growing evidence highlights mitochondria crucial formation mainly due electron leakage respiratory chain enzymes, such monoamine oxidases. Their role redox signaling, together exact only partially elucidated. Hence, it identify intracellular sources how they influence cellular both physiological pathological conditions develop therapies targeting oxidative networks. In this review, we will focus sites impact metabolic inflammatory highlighting mitochondrial compared non-mitochondrial sources.

Language: Английский

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Immunometabolic Interplay in the Tumor Microenvironment

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 28 - 37

Published: Oct. 30, 2020

Language: Английский

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