medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 9, 2024
Abstract
Background
Heroin
and
other
opioid
use
disorders
(HUD
OUD)
cause
massive
public
health
morbidity
mortality.
Although
standard-of-care
medication
assisted
treatment
(MAT)
exists,
little
is
known
about
potential
predictors
of
change
during
recovery.
Recovery
can
include
normalization
the
brain’s
white
matter
(WM)
microstructure,
which
sensitive
to
cytokine
immune
signaling.
Here
we
aimed
determine
whether
blood-based
cytokine/immune
markers
predict
WM
microstructure
recovery
following
medication-assisted
treatment.
Methods
Inpatient
Individuals
with
HUD
(iHUD;
n=21)
healthy
controls
(HC;
n=24)
underwent
magnetic
resonance
scans
diffusion
tensor
imaging
(DTI)
provided
ratings
drug
cue-induced
craving,
arousal
valence
twice,
earlier
in
≈14
weeks
inpatient
MAT
(with
methadone
or
buprenorphine)
thereafter.
At
this
second
session
(MRI2),
they
also
a
peripheral
blood
sample
for
multiplex
relative
quantification
serum
proteins
proximity
extension
assay,
Olink).
We
explored
correlation
multi-target
biomarker
score
(based
on
principal
component
analysis
19
that
differed
significantly
between
iHUD
HC)
whole-brain
DTI
(ΔDTI;
MRI2
-
MRI1)
metrics
(fractional
anisotropy,
mean
diffusivity,
axial
diffusivity)
across
14
MAT.
Results
The
score,
obtained
at
stage,
was
correlated
ΔDTI
frontal,
fronto-parietal,
cortico-limbic
tracts
(e.g.,
including
genu
corpus
callosum,
anterior
corona
radiata,
others).
In
follow-up
analysis,
specific
cytokines
represented
such
as
interleukin
oncostatin
M
(OSM),
colony
stimulating
factor
(CSF21),
chemokine
CCL7
were
similar
iHUD,
but
not
HC.
Levels
(i.e.,
CCL19
CCL2)
negatively
craving
arousal.
Thus,
lower
levels
aforementioned
an
increase
two
stages
(MRI2
MRI1).
Conclusions
Studied
individual
targets,
are
highly
accessible
biomarkers
undergoing
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(721)
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Astrocytes
are
abundant
glial
cells
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
that
play
active
roles
health
and
disease.
Recent
technologies
have
uncovered
functional
heterogeneity
of
astrocytes
their
extensive
interactions
with
other
cell
types
CNS.
In
this
Review,
we
highlight
intricate
between
astrocytes,
CNS-resident
cells,
CNS-infiltrating
as
well
potential
therapeutic
value
context
inflammation
neurodegeneration.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(11), P. 5803 - 5803
Published: May 26, 2024
The
neuroimmune
system
is
a
collection
of
immune
cells,
cytokines,
and
the
glymphatic
that
plays
pivotal
role
in
pathogenesis
progression
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
Of
particular
focus
are
group
signaling
molecules
facilitate
communication
among
cells
contribute
to
inflammation
AD.
Extensive
research
has
shown
dysregulated
secretion
certain
cytokines
(IL-1β,
IL-17,
IL-12,
IL-23,
IL-6,
TNF-α)
promotes
neuroinflammation
exacerbates
neuronal
damage
However,
anti-inflammatory
(IL-2,
IL-3,
IL-33,
IL-35)
also
secreted
during
AD
onset
progression,
thereby
preventing
neuroinflammation.
This
review
summarizes
involvement
pro-
pathology
discusses
their
therapeutic
potential.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
84, P. 102840 - 102840
Published: Jan. 29, 2024
Astrocytes
interact
with
various
cell
types,
including
neurons,
vascular
cells,
microglia,
and
peripheral
immune
cells.
These
interactions
are
crucial
for
regulating
normal
brain
functions
as
well
modulating
neuroinflammation
in
pathological
conditions.
Recent
transcriptomic
proteomic
studies
have
identified
critical
molecules
involved
astrocytic
crosstalk
other
shedding
light
on
their
roles
maintaining
homeostasis
both
healthy
diseased
perform
these
through
either
direct
or
indirect
physical
associations
neuronal
synapses
vasculature.
Furthermore,
astrocytes
can
communicate
such
T
natural
killer
secreted
during
neuroinflammation.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
the
molecular
basis
of
underlying
mechanisms
astrocyte
communication
We
propose
that
function
a
central
hub
inter-connecting
vasculatures,
cells
brains.
Brain and Behavior,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Introduction
The
transgenic
murine
Cre/loxP
system
is
deployed
to
investigate
the
role
of
central
nervous
(CNS)
cell‐specific
gene
alterations
in
both
healthy
conditions
and
models
neurologic
disease.
Aldh1l1‐Cre/ERT2
line
widely
used
target
astrocytes
with
high
coverage
specificity
within
CNS.
Specificity
outside
CNS,
however,
has
not
been
well‐characterized,
Aldh1l1‐Cre/ERT2‐mediated
recombination
spleen
reported.
In
many
CNS
diseases,
infiltrating
immune
cells
from
periphery
drive
or
regulate
pathogenesis.
We
tested
whether
flox‐mediated
occurs
addition
these
traffic
into
spinal
cord
during
experimental
autoimmune
encephalomyelitis
(EAE),
a
model
Methods
Two
astrocyte‐targeted
mouse
lines
were
generated
red
fluorescent
reporter,
tdTomato,
by
crossing
Cre‐recombinase
lines,
Tg(Aldh1l1‐Cre/ERT2)1Khakh
Tg(Gfap‐Cre)73.12Mvs
,
reporter
line,
Gt(ROSA)26Sor
.
was
activated
5
days
intraperitoneal
tamoxifen,
whereas
Gfap‐Cre
constitutively
active.
EAE
induced
2
weeks
after
then
spleens
cords
harvested
processed
for
flow
cytometry
at
various
time
points
disease
onset
versus
controls.
Results
EAE,
Aldh1l1‐Cre/ERT2,
but
Gfap‐Cre,
multiple
tdTomato
+
cell
subpopulations
cord,
including
macrophages,
monocytes,
neutrophils,
eosinophils,
B
cells,
CD4
CD8
T
cells.
Conclusion
Use
should
therefore
account
involving
peripheral
infiltration
