Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Abstract
This
study
conducted
three
processes—hydrothermal
carbonization
(HTC),
torrefaction
(TOR)
and
ash
removal,
low
TOR
(LA_TOR)—to
compare
the
characteristics
of
kenaf-based
solid
fuel
under
different
production
processes.
To
produce
fuels,
removal
process
was
at
50
°C
for
60
min
in
an
autoclave,
followed
by
HTC
or
various
temperatures
(160,
200,
240,
280,
320
°C)
min.
The
chemical
compositions
properties
resulting
products
were
then
analyzed
compared.
found
that
°C,
product
had
highest
carbon
content
compared
with
from
LA_TOR
°C.
Thus,
out
methods,
produced
quality
fuel.
However,
this
exhibited
a
energy
yield
large
loss.
In
contrast,
showed
high
loss,
effectively
reduced
product,
demonstrating
its
suitability
industrial-scale
applications
require
LA
Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 5, 2024
Fossil
fuels
are
primary
sources
for
energy
production.
Increased
dependence
on
fossil
has
resulted
in
increased
environmental
issues
demanding
alternative
sources.
Bioenergy
is
becoming
a
popular
source
due
to
its
positive
impact
and
the
availability
of
renewable
However,
sector
currently
contributes
about
14%.
Biofuels
preferred
sustainability,
eco‐friendly
approach,
low‐cost
raw
materials,
making
it
an
efficient
technique
This
article
provides
fundamental
applied
concepts
conversion
processes
biomass
biofuels,
such
as
combustion,
pyrolysis,
fermentation,
gasification,
anaerobic
digestion
along
with
their
role
green
economy.
Different
physical
characteristics
resources
important
contribute
determining
potential
producing
biofuels.
Herein,
LCA,
techno‐economic
importance,
economy
explained.
Varying
compositions
properties
different
types
resources,
including
lignocellulosic
feedstocks,
agriculture
forest
residue,
municipal
solid
waste,
food
animal
manure
have
been
discussed.
The
explains
strengths
weaknesses
thermochemical
techniques
current
input
toward
scalar
applications
commercialization.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(11), P. 1529 - 1529
Published: May 29, 2024
The
present
study
aims
to
resolve
the
existing
research
gaps
on
olive
pomace
(OP)
hydrochars
application
as
a
fuel
by
evaluating
its
molecular
structures
(FTIR
and
solid
NMR
analysis),
identifying
influential
characteristics
(Pearson
correlation
process
optimization
(response
surface
methodology),
slagging–fouling
risks
(empirical
indices),
combustion
performance
(TG-DSC
analysis).
response
surfaces
plot
for
hydrothermal
carbonization
(HTC)
of
OP
slurry
performed
in
pressure
reactor
under
varied
temperatures
(180–250
°C)
residence
times
(2–30
min)
revealed
250
°C
30
min
be
optimal
conditions
producing
hydrochar
with
higher
heating
value
(32.20
MJ·Kg−1)
energy
densification
ratio
(1.40).
However,
terms
efficiency
cost-effectiveness,
HTC
highest
yield
87.9%
were
202.7
2.0
min.
structure
was
mainly
comprised
aromatic
rings
methyl
groups,
alpha-C
atoms
esters,
ether
bond
linkages
lignin
fractions.
slagging
fouling
comparatively
lower
than
those
raw
OP,
indicated
low
indices.
Pearson
analysis
emphasized
that
enrichment
acid-insoluble
extractive
contents,
carbon
densification,
reduced
ash
content
main
pivotal
factors
exhibit
better
biofuel
applications.
