Spatiotemporal characteristics and socioeconomic inequalities in water, sanitation, and hygiene access in China from 2000 to 2020: analysis of data from three national censuses DOI Creative Commons
Shaojie Li,

Ailing Gong,

Yongtian Yin

et al.

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities presents a significant global public health challenge. This study aims investigate the temporal spatial characteristics of WASH access in mainland China, as well socioeconomic equity, using data from national censuses. We analyzed households' three censuses spanning 2000 2020 examine safe sanitary toilets, bathing over time. Spatial clustering was assessed Moran's I analysis. Socioeconomic disparities across provinces were quantified Slope Index Inequality (SII) Relative (RII). Between 2020, water China increased significantly 45.7% 91.3%, toilets rose 18.7% 78.5%, climbed 26.0% 88.4%, reflecting continuous improvements access. Urban areas consistently outperformed rural areas, eastern region showed higher rates compared central western regions. analysis revealed statistically at provincial level 2020. Equity indicated notable improvement fairness past two decades, with decreases observed both SII RII metrics. Mainland has made substantial strides enhancing last 20 years, accompanied by equity. However, persistent regional underscore need for targeted financial support rural, central, regions further enhance accessibility.

Language: Английский

Optimization of integrated compost-dewatering and pyrolysis for sustainable faecal sludge management: enhancing pathogen inactivation and biochar production DOI
Emmanuel Alepu Odey, Zhaojun Li

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 13, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Spatiotemporal characteristics and socioeconomic inequalities in water, sanitation, and hygiene access in China from 2000 to 2020: analysis of data from three national censuses DOI Creative Commons
Shaojie Li,

Ailing Gong,

Yongtian Yin

et al.

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities presents a significant global public health challenge. This study aims investigate the temporal spatial characteristics of WASH access in mainland China, as well socioeconomic equity, using data from national censuses. We analyzed households' three censuses spanning 2000 2020 examine safe sanitary toilets, bathing over time. Spatial clustering was assessed Moran's I analysis. Socioeconomic disparities across provinces were quantified Slope Index Inequality (SII) Relative (RII). Between 2020, water China increased significantly 45.7% 91.3%, toilets rose 18.7% 78.5%, climbed 26.0% 88.4%, reflecting continuous improvements access. Urban areas consistently outperformed rural areas, eastern region showed higher rates compared central western regions. analysis revealed statistically at provincial level 2020. Equity indicated notable improvement fairness past two decades, with decreases observed both SII RII metrics. Mainland has made substantial strides enhancing last 20 years, accompanied by equity. However, persistent regional underscore need for targeted financial support rural, central, regions further enhance accessibility.

Language: Английский

Citations

2