Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 1581 - 1598

Published: May 29, 2024

Abstract Reinforcement feedback can improve motor learning, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain underexplored. In particular, causal contribution of specific patterns oscillatory activity within human striatum is unknown. To address this question, we exploited a recently developed non-invasive deep stimulation technique called transcranial temporal interference (tTIS) during reinforcement learning with concurrent neuroimaging, in randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind study. Striatal tTIS applied at 80 Hz, not 20 abolished benefits on learning. This effect was related to selective modulation neural striatum. Moreover, increased neuromodulatory influence frontal areas involved These results show that non-invasively and selectively modulate striatal mechanism expanding our tools for study relationships between structures behaviour.

Language: Английский

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Effect of individual variations in genes related to dopamine brain transmission on performance with and without rewards during motor sequence and probabilistic learning tasks in children and young adults with and without cerebral palsy

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0314173 - e0314173

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often participate in training to improve mobility, hand function and other motor abilities. However, responses these interventions vary considerably across individuals even those similar brain injuries, ages functional levels. Dopamine is a neurotrasmitter known affect skill acquistion animals humans may be influenced by individual variations genes related transmission of dopamine. To evaluate potential genetic influences on learning young people without CP, we calculated dopamine-related gene scores compared the ability learn two different tasks, an implicit sequence task probablistic classification task. Each was also administered unrewarded condition rewarded one increase circulating levels The main finding interaction between score for such that low were poorer learners rewards but responded positively whereas converse true high scores. This first prospective study CP suggesting variability influence neurorehabilitation outcomes could potentially modulated using or medications at baseline, thus promoting more personalized approaches enhancing neurological conditions.

Language: Английский

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Dopamine Increases Accuracy and Lengthens Deliberation Time in Explicit Motor Skill Learning

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. ENEURO.0360 - 23.2023

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Although animal research implicates a central role for dopamine in motor skill learning, direct causal link has yet to be established neurotypical humans. Here, we tested if pharmacological manipulation of alters using paradigm which engaged explicit, goal-directed strategies. Participants (27 females; 11 males; aged 18–29 years) first consumed either 100 mg levodopa ( n = 19), precursor that increases availability, or placebo 19). Then, during training, participants learnt the explicit strategy aiming away from presented targets by instructed angles varying sizes. Targets jumped mid-movement angle. Task success was thus contingent upon accuracy and not speed. The effect manipulations on learning assessed training after an overnight follow-up. Increasing availability at improved lengthened reaction times, particularly larger, more difficult angles, both and, importantly, follow-up, despite prominent session-by-session performance improvements Exogenous seems result learnt, persistent propensity better adhere task goals. Results support proposal is important engagement instrumental motivation optimize adherence goals, when execute strategies learning.

Language: Английский

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The effect of reward and voluntary choice on the motor learning of serial reaction time task

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Reward and voluntary choice facilitate motor skill learning through motivation. However, it remains unclear how their combination influences learning. The purpose of the present study is to investigate effects reward on in a serial reaction time task (SRTT). Participants completed six parts SRTT, including pre-test, training phase, immediate post-test, random session, delayed retention test following day. During participants were divided into four groups (reward_choice, reward_no-choice, no-reward_choice, no-reward_no-choice). In condition, received for correct faster (than baseline) responses while those no-reward did not. For manipulation, chose color target, whereas forced groups, same was assigned by computer. results showed that not exhibit any significant differences error rate pre-test phase. Importantly, both significantly enhanced sequence-specific effects, no interaction found. No observed test. These findings suggest enhance performance independently, potentially at action-selection level, which implies different mechanisms underlying choice.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Impact of Declarative Learning on the Consolidation of Acquired Motor Skills Under Valence Feedback

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 46(2)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

ABSTRACT Implicit motor learning involves the acquisition and consolidation of skills without conscious awareness, influenced by various factors. Punishment reward have been identified as significant modulators during training, impacting skill differently. Additionally, role a second declarative task in offline has explored, affecting both stabilization enhancement processes wake sleep periods. However, how valanced feedback secondary can influence implicit not explored. This study investigates whether receiving monetary sequence influences when knowledge about is disrupted word‐list task. Participants' levels were assessed immediately after 15 min post‐training (after performing task), 24 h later night sleep. Concurrently, brain synchrony was measured using electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Results indicate that punishment leads to early higher performance compared control groups. h, no observed any group, with differences between groups diminishing. EEG analysis revealed distinct subnetworks across alpha, beta, unexpectedly delta network which traditionally associated sleep‐dependent consolidation. These findings shed light on complex interplay learning, memory disruption, highlighting dynamic nature retention, offering potential implications for targeted interventions future research directions.

Language: Английский

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The effects of haloperidol on motor vigour and movement fusion during sequential reaching

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0316894 - e0316894

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Reward is a powerful tool to enhance human motor behaviour with previous research showing that during sequential reaching movement, monetary incentive leads increased speed of each movement (motor vigour effect), whilst reward-based performance feedback increases the transition between movements (movement fusion effect). The neurotransmitter dopamine plays central role in processing reward signals and has been implicated modulate regulate fusion. However, humans, it unclear if same dopaminergic mechanism underlies both processes. To address this, we used complex task which rewards were based on times (MT). Crucially, MTs could be reduced via: 1) enhanced individual effect) and/or 2) 95 participants randomly assigned or no group given either 2.5mg antagonist haloperidol placebo (control group). An independent decision-making performed prior main experiment suggested was active (positive control). We did not find evidence affected facilitatory effects found negated vigour. Therefore, our results suggest D2-antagonist differentially influences fusion, indicating mechanisms underlying these two processes may distinct.

Language: Английский

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Reward signals in the motor cortex: from biology to neurotechnology

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Over the past decade, research has shown that primary motor cortex (M1), brain's main output for movement, also responds to rewards. These reward signals may shape in its final stages, influencing movement invigoration and learning. In this Perspective, we highlight functional roles of M1 propose how they could guide advances neurotechnologies restoration, specifically brain-computer interfaces non-invasive brain stimulation. Understanding open new avenues enhancing control rehabilitation. The (M1) not only drives but authors discuss M1's transform like stimulation recovery.

Language: Английский

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The effect of reward on motor learning: different stage, different effect

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: March 12, 2024

Motor learning is a prominent and extensively studied subject in rehabilitation following various types of neurological disorders. repair often extend over months years post-injury with slow pace recovery, particularly affecting the fine movements distal extremities. This extended period can diminish motivation persistence patients, facet that has historically been overlooked motor until recent years. Reward, including monetary compensation, social praise, video gaming, music, virtual reality, currently garnering heightened attention for its potential to enhance improve function. Numerous studies have examined effects attempted explore mechanisms paradigms, yet they yielded inconsistent or even contradictory results conclusions. A comprehensive review necessary summarize on rewards deduce central pattern from these existing studies. Therefore, this review, we initially outline framework considering two major types, components, three stages. Subsequently, different stages within mentioned analyze underlying at level behavior neural circuit. Reward accelerates speed enhances extent during acquisition consolidation stages, possibly by regulating balance between direct indirect pathways (activating more D1-MSN than D2-MSN) ventral striatum increasing dynamics kinematics. However, effect varies depending several experimental conditions. During retention stage, there consensus reward both short-term long-term memory learning, attributed LTP mechanism mediated VTA-M1 dopaminergic projection. promising enhancer bolster waning confidence motivation, thereby efficiency rehabilitation. Further exploration circuit functional connections loop may provide novel target modulation promote behavior.

Language: Английский

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The dissociable effects of reward on sequential motor behavior

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 128(1), P. 86 - 104

Published: June 1, 2022

Reward has consistently been shown to enhance motor behavior; however, its beneficial effects appear be largely unspecific. For example, reward is associated with both rapid and training-dependent improvements in performance, a mechanistic account of these currently lacking. Here we tested the hypothesis that distinct reward-based are driven by dissociable types: monetary incentive performance feedback. Whereas feedback provides information on how well task completed (knowledge performance), increases motivation perform optimally without providing performance-based learning signal.

Language: Английский

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Failure induces task-irrelevant exploration during a stencil task

Experimental Brain Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 241(2), P. 677 - 686

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

During reward-based motor tasks, performance failure leads to an increase in movement variability along task-relevant dimensions. These increases are indicative of exploratory behaviour search a better, more successful action. It is unclear whether also induces exploration task-irrelevant dimensions that do not influence performance. In this study, we ask participants would explore the dimension while they performed stencil task. With stylus, applied downward, normal force influenced received reward (task-relevant) as simultaneously made erasing-like patterns tablet did (task-irrelevant). task, pattern was analyzed distribution directions within movement. The results showed significant and patterns. We conclude can induce additional dimension.

Language: Английский

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