bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 26, 2023
Abstract
The
passage
of
protons
across
membranes
through
F
1
o
-ATP
synthases
spins
their
rotors
and
drives
synthesis
ATP.
While
the
principle
torque
generation
by
proton
transfer
is
known,
mechanisms
routes
access
release
evolution
are
not
fully
understood.
Here,
we
show
that
entry
site
path
in
lumenal
half-channel
mitochondrial
ATP
largely
defined
a
short
N-terminal
α-helix
subunit-a.
In
Trypanosoma
brucei
other
Euglenozoa,
part
another
polypeptide
chain
product
subunit-a
gene
fragmentation.
This
elements
forming
pathway
widely
conserved
eukaryotes
Alphaproteobacteria,
closest
extant
relatives
mitochondria,
but
bacteria.
blocks
one
two
found
Escherichia
coli
,
resulting
single
alphaproteobacterial
synthases.
Thus,
shape
predates
originated
lineage
from
which
mitochondria
evolved
endosymbiosis.
PLoS Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(11), P. e3002917 - e3002917
Published: Nov. 25, 2024
Understanding
the
origin
of
eukaryotic
cells
is
one
most
difficult
problems
in
all
biology.
A
key
challenge
relevant
to
question
eukaryogenesis
reconstructing
gene
repertoire
last
common
ancestor
(LECA).
As
data
sets
grow,
sketching
an
accurate
genomics-informed
picture
early
cellular
complexity
requires
provision
analytical
resources
and
a
commitment
sharing.
Here,
we
summarise
progress
towards
understanding
biology
LECA
outline
community
approach
inferring
its
wider
repertoire.
Once
assembled,
robust
set
will
be
useful
tool
for
evaluating
alternative
hypotheses
about
eukaryotes
evolution
traits
descendant
lineages,
with
relevance
diverse
fields
such
as
cell
biology,
microbial
ecology,
biotechnology,
agriculture,
medicine.
In
this
Consensus
View,
put
forth
status
quo
agreed
path
forward
reconstruct
LECA's
content.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
98(6), P. 1910 - 1927
Published: June 19, 2023
Genetic
variation
is
the
major
mechanism
behind
adaptation
and
evolutionary
change.
As
most
proteins
operate
through
interactions
with
other
proteins,
changes
in
protein
complex
composition
subunit
sequence
provide
potentially
new
functions.
Comparative
genomics
can
reveal
expansions,
losses
divergence
within
protein-coding
genes,
but
silico
analysis
cannot
detect
substitutions
or
replacements
of
entire
complexes.
Insights
into
these
fundamental
processes
require
broad
extensive
comparative
analyses,
from
both
experimental
evidence.
Here,
we
combine
data
approaches
consider
gamut
possible
compositional
that
arise
during
evolution,
citing
examples
complete
conservation
to
partial
total
replacement
by
functional
analogues.
We
focus
part
on
complexes
trypanosomes
as
they
represent
one
better
studied
non-animal/non-fungal
lineages,
extend
insights
across
eukaryotes
genomic
analysis.
argue
gene
loss
plays
an
important
role
diversification
hence
enhancement
eukaryotic
diversity.
Biomacromolecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 11, 2025
Biomolecular
motors
are
dynamic
systems
found
in
organisms
with
high
energy
conversion
efficiency.
FOF1-ATPase
is
a
rotary
biomolecular
motor
known
for
its
near
100%
It
utilizes
the
synthesis
and
hydrolysis
of
ATP
to
induce
conformational
changes
proteins,
thereby
converting
chemical
into
mechanical
motion.
Given
their
efficiency,
autonomous
propulsion
capability,
modifiable
structures,
have
attracted
significant
attention
potential
biomedical
applications.
This
Review
aims
introduce
detailed
structure
FOF1-ATPase,
explore
various
motility
manipulation
strategies,
summarize
applications
biological
detection
cargo
delivery.
Additionally,
innovative
research
methods
proposed
analyze
motion
mechanism
more
comprehensively,
goal
advancing
Finally,
this
concludes
key
insights
future
perspectives.
Mitochondria
originated
from
an
ancient
bacterial
endosymbiont
that
underwent
reductive
evolution
by
gene
loss
and
transfer
to
the
nuclear
genome.
The
diversity
of
mitochondrial
genomes
published
date
has
revealed
processes
are
ongoing
in
many
lineages.
Most
well-studied
eukaryotic
lineages
represented
genome
databases,
except
for
superphylum
Retaria-the
lineage
comprising
Foraminifera
Radiolaria.
Using
single-cell
approaches,
we
determined
two
complete
nearly
radiolarians.
We
report
coding
content
additional
14
foram
species.
show
foraminiferan
radiolarian
contain
a
fully
overlapping
but
reduced
complement
compared
other
sequenced
rhizarians.
In
contrast
animals
fungi,
protists
encode
diverse
set
proteins
on
their
genomes,
including
several
ribosomal
genes;
however,
some
aerobic
(euglenids,
myzozoans,
chlamydomonas-like
algae)
have
lack
all
genes.
Similar
these
outliers,
retarian
protein
tRNA
genes,
truncated
divergent
small
large
rRNA
only
or
15
protein-coding
Molecular Biology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
40(6)
Published: June 1, 2023
Abstract
The
passage
of
protons
across
membranes
through
F1Fo-ATP
synthases
spins
their
rotors
and
drives
the
synthesis
ATP.
While
principle
torque
generation
by
proton
transfer
is
known,
mechanisms
routes
access
release
evolution
are
not
fully
understood.
Here,
we
show
that
entry
site
path
in
lumenal
half
channel
mitochondrial
ATP
largely
defined
a
short
N-terminal
α-helix
subunit-a.
In
Trypanosoma
brucei
other
Euglenozoa,
part
another
polypeptide
chain
product
subunit-a
gene
fragmentation.
This
elements
forming
pathway
widely
conserved
eukaryotes
Alphaproteobacteria,
closest
extant
relatives
mitochondria,
but
bacteria.
blocks
one
two
found
Escherichia
coli,
resulting
single
alphaproteobacterial
synthases.
Thus,
shape
predates
originated
lineage
from
which
mitochondria
evolved
endosymbiosis.
Current Opinion in Structural Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
88, P. 102884 - 102884
Published: July 24, 2024
Ion-driven
membrane
motors,
essential
across
all
domains
of
life,
convert
a
gradient
ions
into
rotational
energy,
facilitating
diverse
biological
processes
including
ATP
synthesis,
substrate
transport,
and
bacterial
locomotion.
Herein,
we
highlight
recent
structural
advances
in
the
understanding
two
classes
ion-driven
motors:
rotary
ATPases
5:2
motors.
The
structure
human
F-type
synthase
is
emphasised
along
with
gained
insight
clinically
relevant
mutations.
Furthermore,
roles
motors
mechanistic
through
resolution
sodium-driven
motor,
combining
insights
potential
unifying
mechanisms
ion
selectivity
torque
generation
context
their
function
as
part
complex
systems.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 6, 2024
Abstract
The
mitochondrial
F
1
0
-ATP
synthase
is
crucial
for
maintaining
the
ATP/ADP
balance
which
critical
cell
metabolism,
ion
homeostasis,
division,
proliferation
and
motility.
This
enzyme,
conserved
across
evolution,
found
in
mitochondria
or
chloroplasts
of
eukaryotic
cells
plasma
membrane
bacteria.
In
vitro
studies
have
shown
that
reversible,
capable
hydrolyzing
instead
synthesizing
ATP.
vivo
,
its
reversibility
inhibited
by
endogenous
peptide
If1
(Inhibitory
Factor
1),
specifically
prevents
ATP
hydrolysis
a
pH-dependent
manner.
Despite
presumed
importance,
loss
various
model
organisms
does
not
cause
severe
phenotypes,
suggesting
role
may
be
confined
to
specific
stress
metabolic
conditions
yet
discovered.
this
study,
we
explored
structural
physiological
importances
inhibitory
peptides
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
.
Our
analyses
indicate
are
mitigating
adverse
outcomes
caused
depolarizing
under
glyco-oxidative
conditions.
Under
state,
energy
maintenance
relies
both
on
glycolysis
oxidative
phosphorylation.
Additionally,
absence
destabilizes
nuclear-encoded
free
subcomplex.
novel
mechanism
action
highlights
preventing
harmful
wastage,
offering
new
insights
into
function
pathological
