Long COVID, the Brain, Nerves, and Cognitive Function

Neurology International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 821 - 841

Published: July 6, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Long-term complications are increasing issue in patients who have been infected with COVID-19 and may be result of viral-associated systemic central nervous system inflammation or arise from virus-induced hypercoagulable state. incite changes brain function wide range lingering symptoms. Patients often experience fatigue note fog, sensorimotor symptoms, sleep disturbances. Prolonged neurological neuropsychiatric symptoms prevalent can interfere substantially everyday life, leading to massive public health concern. The mechanistic pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae important subject ongoing research. Inflammation- induced blood-brain barrier permeability viral neuro-invasion direct nerve damage involved. Though the mechanisms uncertain, resulting documented numerous patient reports studies. This review examines constellation spectrum seen long COVID incorporates information on prevalence these contributing factors, typical course. Although treatment options generally lacking, potential therapeutic approaches for alleviating improving quality life explored.

Language: Английский

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The relationship between the phenotype of long COVID symptoms and one-year psychosocial outcomes: an exploratory clustering analysis

Psychology Health & Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 17

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

The impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not limited to acute symptoms; it also extends post-infection sequelae, such as long COVID and post-COVID conditions. These conditions are characterized by various symptoms, malaise, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, considered reflect different underlying pathologies. Using a cluster analysis, we hypothesized that may have psychosocial outcomes depending on the phenotype. This study based COVID-19 RECOVERY STUDY II (CORES II) conducted in 20 centers Japan. CORES included patients aged years older who were hospitalized discharged alive between April September 2021. In II, information collected at hospitalization was followed an investigation one year after diagnosis into physical mental health, patients' social circumstances. Long symptoms month infection, well-being, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, quality life (QOL), onset assessed via questionnaires provided diagnosis. We performed analysis symptoms. compared status clusters. identified five clusters 746 patients. severe multi-organ olfactory gustatory disturbances, shortness breath, muscle weakness, hair loss. dysfunction large number with malaise more likely poor onset. addition, disturbance appeared second highest depression anxiety scores cluster. results obtained five-symptom suggest phenotype disturbances has consequences. Patients these phenotypes require extensive follow-ups interventions.

Language: Английский

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Spatial transcriptomics of the epipharynx in long COVID identifies SARS-CoV-2 signalling pathways and the therapeutic potential of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 12, 2025

Abstract In this study, the critical role of epipharynx in managing long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and particular, how residual SARS-CoV-2 RNA affects signalling pathways were investigated via spatial gene expression analysis (Visium HD). Moreover, we hypothesize that epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) targeting could improve long COVID symptoms by modulating local inflammation expression. We conducted a comparative profiles three patients with two control individuals without COVID-19. Residual was detected COVID, along activation epithelial immune cells. After EAT, viral either completely cleared or significantly reduced. T-cell receptor suppressed; levels proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 tumour necrosis factor-α, reduced; excessive antibody production mitigated. Histology showed EAT effectively eliminated inflamed, dysfunctional ciliated epithelium. This study clarifies has effects on response epipharynx, emphasizing need to focus chronic epipharyngitis potential cause COVID. Furthermore, may offer promising approach alleviating persistent symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Donepezil for Fatigue and Psychological Symptoms in Post–COVID-19 Condition

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. e250728 - e250728

Published: March 17, 2025

Importance Fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom of post–COVID-19 condition (also known as long COVID) and impairs various functions. One underlying mechanisms may be intracerebral inflammation due to decreases in acetylcholine levels. Objective To examine effects donepezil hydrochloride, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on fatigue psychological symptoms. Design, Setting, Participants A multicenter, double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed Japan. Between December 14, 2022, March 31, 2024, adult patients within 52 weeks onset COVID-19 with a global binary score 4 or greater Chalder Scale were into placebo group. Exposure The intervention conducted during 3-week period, hydrochloride being administered at dosage 3 mg/d for first week then 5 2 weeks. Main Outcomes Measures primary outcome change absolute after initiation treatment. Other outcomes 8 weeks, such symptoms quality life, evaluated secondary outcomes. Results total 120 eligible enrolled 10 withdrew lost follow-up; therefore, 110 (55 each group) included efficacy analysis (64 [58%] female; mean [SD] age, 43 [12] years). No significant differences observed baseline characteristics between groups. baseline-adjusted estimating treatment effect donepezil, measured difference scores 0.34 (95% CI, −2.23 2.91), showing no ( P = .79). Scores Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Impact Event Scale–Revised, EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level Version, Patient Health Questionnaire, Daily Status similar. serious adverse events occurred either Conclusions Relevance In this treat condition, not confirmed general population. development effective therapeutics needed, more trials should future. Trial Registration Japan Registry Clinical Trials Identifier: jRCT 2031220510

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Long COVID—Part 2: Understanding the Impact of Spike Protein and Cellular Receptor Interactions on the Pathophysiology of Long COVID Syndrome

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 619 - 619

Published: April 25, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 infection has had a significant impact on global health through both acute illness, referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and chronic conditions (long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, PASC). Despite substantial advancements in preventing severe COVID-19 cases vaccination, the rise prevalence long syndrome notable degree genomic mutation, primarily S protein, underscores necessity for deeper understanding underlying pathophysiological mechanisms related protein SARS-CoV-2. In this review, latest part series, we investigate potential molecular triggered by interaction between spike cellular receptors. Therefore, review aims provide differential focused view potentially activated binding canonical non-canonical receptors SARS-CoV-2, together with their possible interactions effects pathogenesis COVID.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Long COVID—Part 1: Impact of Spike Protein in Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Long COVID Syndrome

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 617 - 617

Published: April 25, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in more than 700 million cases and nearly 7 deaths worldwide. Although vaccination efforts have effectively reduced mortality transmission rates, a significant proportion of recovered patients—up to 40%—develop long COVID syndrome (LC) or post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). LC is characterized by the persistence emergence new symptoms following initial infection, affecting cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, immune systems. Despite broad range clinical that been described, risk factors pathogenic mechanisms behind remain unclear. This review, first two-part series, distinguished discussion role spike protein primary underlying pathophysiology LC.

Language: Английский

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Multifaceted role of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in lung injury

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third human to cause distress (ARDS) and contains four structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that all proteins SARS-CoV-2 are capable causing lung injury, even without presence intact virus. Therefore, topic protein-evoked injury warrants more attention. In current article, we first synopsize features proteins. Second, discuss mechanisms for protein-induced inflammatory responses in vitro . Finally, list findings indicate themselves toxic sufficient induce vivo Recognizing triggered by may facilitate development targeted modalities treating COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Vagus nerve stimulation for long COVID

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 383 - 392

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Design, synthesis, and activity evaluation of novel multitargeted l‐tryptophan derivatives with powerful antioxidant activity against Alzheimer's disease

Archiv der Pharmazie, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 357(5)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disease, and the multitarget directed ligand (MTDL) strategy may be an effective approach to delay its progression. Based on this strategy, 27 derivatives of l-tryptophan, 3a-1-3d-1, were designed, synthesized, evaluated for their biological activity. Among them, IC

Language: Английский

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Quality of Sleep and Mental Symptoms Contribute to Health-Related Quality of Life after COVID-19 Pneumonia, a Follow-Up Study of More than 2 Years

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1574 - 1574

Published: July 16, 2024

A follow-up study was designed to assess correlations among physical signs, quality of sleep, common mental symptoms, and health-related life after moderate severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Daily changes in dyspnoea pulse oximetry were recorded (200 days), four evaluations (in >2 years) performed on cognitive performance, life. In a single center, 72 adults participated the (52.5 ± 13.7 years old), with no psychiatry/neurology/chronic lung/infectious diseases, chronic use corticosteroids/immunosuppressive therapy, or pregnancy. agendas showed delayed decreases scores compared heart rate recordings; however, minimal. Slight performance related general characteristics participants (obesity tobacco use) severity acute disease (MANCOVA,

Language: Английский

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