Marine Drugs,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(11), P. 507 - 507
Published: Nov. 8, 2024
Osteoarthritis
is
a
chronic
inflammatory
condition
characterized
by
the
degeneration
of
joint
cartilage
and
underlying
bone,
resulting
in
pain,
swelling,
reduced
mobility.
This
study
evaluates
efficacy
salmon
nasal
cartilage-derived
proteoglycans
mitigating
osteoarthritis
symptoms
investigates
molecular
mechanisms.
employed
rat
model
induced
monosodium
iodoacetate
(MIA)
injection.
The
rats
were
orally
administered
or
ibuprofen.
Key
aspects
pathology,
including
impaired
exercise
ability,
inflammation,
extracellular
matrix
degradation,
chondrocyte
apoptosis,
assessed
using
histological
analysis,
micro-CT,
treadmill
testing,
serum
assays,
mRNA/protein
expression
studies.
MIA
injection
caused
significant
damage,
bone
mineral
density,
ability.
Additionally,
it
elevated
levels
prostaglandin
E2
nitric
oxide,
increased
mRNA
protein
inflammation-related
factors,
activated
apoptosis
signaling
pathways
cartilage.
Treatment
with
significantly
improved
morphology
mineralization,
inhibited
pathways,
effects
comparable
to
those
observed
ibuprofen
treatment.
These
findings
highlight
potential
as
therapeutic
agent
for
managing
effectively
reducing
preventing
inhibiting
apoptosis.
Proteoglycan Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2(4)
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Proteoglycans
and
their
proteolytic
fragments
diffuse
into
biological
fluids
such
as
plasma,
serum,
urine,
or
synovial
fluid,
where
they
can
be
detected
by
antibodies
mass-spectrometry.
Neopeptides
generated
the
proteolysis
of
proteoglycans
are
recognized
specific
neoepitope
act
a
proxy
for
activity
certain
proteases.
Proteoglycan
proteoglycan
potentially
used
prognostic,
diagnostic,
theragnostic
biomarkers
several
diseases
characterized
dysregulated
extracellular
matrix
remodeling
osteoarthritis,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
atherosclerosis,
thoracic
aortic
aneurysms,
central
nervous
system
disorders,
viral
infections,
cancer.
Here,
we
review
main
mechanisms
accounting
presence
soluble
in
fluids,
potential
application
biomarkers,
highlight
challenges
opportunities
ahead
clinical
translation.
Cureus,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 4, 2024
Background
Chikungunya
virus
(CHIKV)
infection
poses
a
significant
global
health
threat,
necessitating
deeper
understanding
of
its
molecular
mechanisms
for
effective
management
and
treatment.
This
study
aimed
to
understand
the
genetic
CHIKV
by
analyzing
microarray
expression
data.
Methodology
National
Center
Biotechnology
Information
(NCBI)
GEO2R
with
an
adjusted
p-value
cut-off
<0.05
|log2FC
≥
1.5|
was
used
identify
differentially
expressed
genes
involved
in
using
data
from
Gene
Expression
Omnibus
(GEO)
database,
followed
enrichment
analysis,
protein-protein
interaction
(PPI)
network
construction,
and,
finally,
hub
gene
identification.
Results
Analysis
dataset
revealed
25
highly
(DEGs),
including
21
upregulated
four
downregulated
genes.
PPI
analysis
elucidated
interactions
among
these
DEGs,
such
as
ACTB
CTNNB1
exhibiting
central
roles.
Enrichment
identified
crucial
pathways,
leukocyte
transendothelial
migration,
regulation
actin
cytoskeleton,
thyroid
hormone
signaling,
implicating
their
involvement
infection.
Furthermore,
highlights
potential
therapeutic
targets
CTNNB1,
which
showed
upregulation
infected
cells.
Conclusions
These
findings
underscore
complex
interplay
between
viral
host
cellular
processes,
shedding
light
on
novel
avenues
diagnostic
marker
discovery
advancing
antiviral
strategies.
In
this
study,
we
shed
role
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Aug. 6, 2024
Proteoglycans
(PGs),
which
have
glycosaminoglycan
chains
attached
to
their
protein
cores,
are
essential
for
maintaining
the
morphology
and
function
of
healthy
body
tissues.
Extracellular
PGs
perform
various
functions,
classified
into
following
four
categories:
i)
modulation
tissue
mechanical
properties;
ii)
regulation
protection
extracellular
matrix;
iii)
sequestration;
iv)
cell
signaling.
The
depletion
may
significantly
impair
function,
encompassing
compromised
characteristics
unregulated
inflammatory
responses.
Since
play
critical
roles
in
tissues
synthesis
is
complex,
development
PG
mimetic
molecules
that
recapitulate
functions
engineering
therapeutic
applications
has
attracted
interest
researchers
more
than
20
years.
These
approaches
ranged
from
semisynthetic
graft
copolymers
recombinant
domains
produced
by
cells
undergone
genetic
modifications.
This
review
discusses
some
mimicking
these
functions.
Proteoglycan Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2(4)
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Abstract
Heparin,
discovered
as
an
anticoagulant
more
than
100
years
ago,
is
composed
of
the
same
structural
units
heparan
sulfate,
and
their
biosynthesis
in
Golgi
compartment
carried
out
by
families
enzymes.
However,
while
heparin
restricted
to
mast
cells,
sulfate
widely
distributed
found
at
cell
surface
most,
if
not
all,
cells
body
also
basement
membranes
extracellular
matrix
surrounding
cells.
Compared
highly
sulfated
heparin,
has
a
complex
variable
structure
that
yet
appears
regulated
tissue‐specific
fashion.
Interactions
proteins
with
may
be
controlled
through
subtle
changes
binding
saccharide
domains,
resulting
modulated
functional
response.
Unpredicted
effects
enzyme
overexpression
on
point
key
roles
for
interacting
networks—the
"GAGosome"—in
regulation
biosynthesis.
Proteoglycan Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2(4)
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Abstract
Sarcomas
are
a
heterogeneous
group
of
aggressive
mesenchymal
malignancies.
They
account
for
1%
all
tumors
in
the
general
population
and
15–20%
pediatric
age
young
adults.
Despite
differences
histology
pathobiology,
diverse
types
sarcomas
traditionally
managed
with
common
multi‐modal
approach
including
surgery,
radiotherapy,
polychemotherapy.
Unfortunately,
prognosis
advanced
or
recurrent
disease
remains
poor.
Moreover,
rarity
high
cellular,
molecular,
genetic/epigenetic
heterogeneity
make
identification
therapeutic
targets
challenging.
Therefore
it
an
urgent
need
to
identify
effective
therapies
improve
patients'
outcome.
Common
peculiar
biological
motifs
deregulation
growth
factor
signaling,
proangiogenic
promigratory
pathways,
tumor‐microenviroment
interactions,
transcriptional
epigenetic
machinery,
differentiation
program,
provide
actionable
dependencies
exploitable
intervention.
Among
these,
deregulated
heparan
sulfate
proteoglycan
system
due
aberrant
expression
key
components
as
well
structural/functional
modifications
mediated
by
endosulfatases
endoβ‐
d
‐glycosidase
heparanase,
is
emerging
crucial
player
tumor
progression
valuable
target
across
different
sarcoma
subtypes.
In
preclinical
studies,
non‐anticoagulant
heparins
have
been
shown
counteract
metastatic
dissemination
various
models
according
their
mimetic
anti‐heparanase
activities.
Heparin
derivatives
also
improved
anti‐sarcoma
efficacy
molecularly
targeted
agents
cytotoxic
drugs.
this
minireview,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
about
interplay
between
heparanase/heparan
pathways
involved
sarcomagenesis
progression.
We
illustrate
understanding
mechanisms
action
contribution
anti‐heparanase,
anti‐receptor
tyrosine
kinase,
likely
immunomodulatory
activities
effects.
Finally,
discuss
few
aspects
worthy
exploration
highlighting
how
elucidation
underpinning
antitumor
heparin
contexts
may
suggest
new
vulnerabilities
approaches.
Genetics and Clinical Genomics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 16 - 22
Published: April 30, 2024
El
estudio
de
pacientes
con
talla
baja
es
complejo
y
requiere
algoritmos
diagnósticos
en
los
cuales
la
evaluación
por
parte
Genética
esencial,
buscando
descartar
síndromes
genéticos
que
puedan
explicar
las
manifestaciones
del
paciente.
Entre
estas
posibles
causas,
displasias
esqueléticas
deben
ser
tomadas
todo
momento
como
una
posibilidad
diagnóstica.
Presentamos
el
caso
familia
cual
probando
su
progenitor
se
detectó
variante
probablemente
patogénica
no
descrita
previamente
gen
ACAN
codifica
Proteoglicano
(PG)
Aggrecan,
componente
fundamental
crecimiento
óseo
endocondral
cartílago
articular,
cuya
alteración
estado
heterocigoto
produce
Displasia
Esquelética
Espóndiloepifisiaria
tipo
Kimberley
(SEDK)
otros
trastornos
conocidos
aggrecanopatías.
Los
análisis
moleculares
convierten
estudios
mandatorios
para
lograr
diagnóstico
acertado
estos
casos.
Se
espera
condiciones
dé
luces
mejor
comprensión
fisiopatología
Osteoartritis
desarrollo
nuevos
tratamientos
manejo,
dada
elevada
prevalencia
adultos
mayores
a
ella
degeneración
aggrecano
juega
un
rol
central.
Marine Drugs,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(11), P. 507 - 507
Published: Nov. 8, 2024
Osteoarthritis
is
a
chronic
inflammatory
condition
characterized
by
the
degeneration
of
joint
cartilage
and
underlying
bone,
resulting
in
pain,
swelling,
reduced
mobility.
This
study
evaluates
efficacy
salmon
nasal
cartilage-derived
proteoglycans
mitigating
osteoarthritis
symptoms
investigates
molecular
mechanisms.
employed
rat
model
induced
monosodium
iodoacetate
(MIA)
injection.
The
rats
were
orally
administered
or
ibuprofen.
Key
aspects
pathology,
including
impaired
exercise
ability,
inflammation,
extracellular
matrix
degradation,
chondrocyte
apoptosis,
assessed
using
histological
analysis,
micro-CT,
treadmill
testing,
serum
assays,
mRNA/protein
expression
studies.
MIA
injection
caused
significant
damage,
bone
mineral
density,
ability.
Additionally,
it
elevated
levels
prostaglandin
E2
nitric
oxide,
increased
mRNA
protein
inflammation-related
factors,
activated
apoptosis
signaling
pathways
cartilage.
Treatment
with
significantly
improved
morphology
mineralization,
inhibited
pathways,
effects
comparable
to
those
observed
ibuprofen
treatment.
These
findings
highlight
potential
as
therapeutic
agent
for
managing
effectively
reducing
preventing
inhibiting
apoptosis.
