Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, Metainflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling Pathways

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 519 - 519

Published: July 12, 2024

Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) are various resulting from dysregulation in glycolipid levels, consequently leading to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular complications, and cardiorenal vascular diseases (CRVDs). In patients with GLMDs, excess caloric intake a lack physical activity may contribute oxidative stress (OxS) systemic inflammation. This study aimed review the connection between GLMD, OxS, metainflammation, onset CRVD. GLMD is due causing dysfunction synthesis, breakdown, absorption glucose lipids body, excessive ectopic accumulation these molecules. mainly neuroendocrine dysregulation, insulin resistance, metainflammation. many inflammatory markers defense cells play vital role related tissues organs, such as blood vessels, pancreatic islets, liver, muscle, kidneys, adipocytes, promoting lesions that affect interconnected organs through their signaling pathways. Advanced glycation end products, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Toll-like receptor-4, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) crucial since they glucolipid metabolism. The consequences this system organ damage morbidity mortality.

Language: Английский

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Hypercholesterolemia and inflammation—Cooperative cardiovascular risk factors

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 6, 2024

Abstract Background Maintaining low concentrations of plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) over time decreases the number LDL particles trapped within artery wall, slows progression atherosclerosis and delays age at which mature atherosclerotic plaques develop. This substantially reduces lifetime risk cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events. In this context, plaque development vulnerability result not only from lipid accumulation but also inflammation. Results Changes in composition immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic T B mast cells neutrophils, along with altered cytokine chemokine release, disrupt equilibrium between inflammation anti‐inflammatory mechanisms sites. Considering that it is a competition LDLc inflammation, instead they are partners crime, present narrative review aims to give an overview main inflammatory molecular pathways linked raised describe impact lipid‐lowering approaches on burden. Although remarkable changes driven by most recent lowering combinations, relative reduction C‐reactive protein appears be independent magnitude lowering. Conclusion Identifying clinical biomarkers (e.g. interleukin‐6) possible targets for therapy holds promise monitoring reducing ASCVD burden suitable patients.

Language: Английский

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Organoid‐tissue extracellular vesicles

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 4, 2025

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures secreted by cells that act as intercellular messengers. Tissue‐derived EVs (TEVs), harvested from the tissue interstitium, directly reflect actual physiological or pathological state of microenvironment. However, difficulty in acquisition severely limits development TEVs. In contrast, organoids 3D cell clusters cultured stem cells, which have spatial and functions highly similar to source tissues. Although organoid‐derived (OEVs), isolated culture supernatants, can complex cellular interactions, they cannot microenvironment like Building on foundation TEVs OEVs, we introduce innovative concept organoid‐tissue (OTEVs), where residing organoid interstitium. Acting a communication bridge between OEVs TEVs, OTEVs accurately represent true They overcome challenges associated with limited availability inability We believe will synergize enhance understanding pathogenesis diseases, well improve their diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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Association between Obesity and Atrial Function in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: An Echocardiographic Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 2895 - 2895

Published: May 14, 2024

Background: Obesity is a public health problem which prevalence has increased worldwide and associated with different degrees of hemodynamic alterations structural cardiac changes. The aim the study to investigate impact body mass index (BMI) on left atrial function using standard advanced echocardiography in population patients non-valvular fibrillation (AF). Methods: 395 adult suffering from AF, divided into three tertiles based BMI value, carry out cardiological examination echocardiography. Results: Peak longitudinal strain (PALS), measure function, lower tertile highest (14.3 ± 8.2%) compared both first (19 11.5%) second (17.7 10.6%) statistically significant manner (p < 0.002). Furthermore, significantly independent PALS by multilinear regression analysis, even after correction data for CHA2DS2-VASc score, ventricular index, ejection fraction, E/E' ratio systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (coefficient standardized β = -0.127, p 0.02; Cumulative R2 0.41, SEE 0.8%, 0.0001). Conclusions: could be considered an additional factor assessing cardiovascular risk fibrillation, addition well-known score.

Language: Английский

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Shortcomings, limitations and gaps in physiological roles of extracellular vesicles in obesity

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating communication between cells across species and kingdoms. The intercellular facilitated by EVs through autocrine paracrine signalling mechanisms is essential for cell survival, maintaining normal metabolic functions ensuring overall bodily homeostasis health. are present various fluids, such as pleural effusions, plasma, breast milk, amniotic fluid, semen saliva. Additionally, the generation release of contribute to removal cellular waste. Patients with obesity exhibit higher amount circulating than individuals weight. This increased EV might inflammatory state characteristic this condition, because levels pro‐inflammatory molecules found within their cargo. However, interpreting results related abundance, cargo biological actions can be complicated several factors; these include variations sources, wide age range (from children elderly), mix females males, medication use health status, body weights weight morbid obesity) differences vitro assays using lines versus primary cultures. article addresses shortcomings, limitations gaps knowledge, providing framework enhancing our understanding physiological effects on obesity. image

Language: Английский

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Epicardial Adipocytes in Cardiac Pathology and Healing

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 6, 2024

Abstract Implications of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on the development coronary artery disease (CAD) have garnered recent attention. Located between myocardium and visceral pericardium, EAT possesses unique morphological physiological contiguity to heart. The transcriptome secretome differ from that other fat stores in body. Physiologically, protects adjacent through its brown-fat-like thermogenic function rapid fatty acid oxidation. However, releases pro-inflammatory mediators acting vessels, thus contributing progression cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Furthermore, EAT-derived mesenchymal stromal cells indicate promising regenerative capabilities offer novel opportunities cell-based cardiac regeneration. This review aims provide a comprehensive understanding unraveling mechanisms implicated regulating regeneration under pathological conditions. A holistic multifaceted nature is essential future pharmacological therapeutic interventions for management CVD.

Language: Английский

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