Diagnostics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 136 - 136
Published: Jan. 7, 2024
Heart
failure
(HF)
has
a
global
prevalence
of
1–2%,
and
the
incidence
around
world
is
growing.
The
increases
with
age,
from
1%
for
those
aged
<55
years
to
>10%
70
or
over.
Based
on
studies
in
hospitalized
patients,
about
50%
patients
have
heart
reduced
ejection
fraction
(HFrEF),
preserved
(HFpEF).
HF
associated
high
morbidity
mortality,
HF-related
hospitalizations
are
common,
costly,
impact
both
quality
life
prognosis.
More
than
5–10%
deteriorate
into
advanced
(AdHF)
worse
outcomes,
up
cardiogenic
shock
(CS)
condition.
Right
catheterization
(RHC)
essential
assess
hemodynamics
diagnosis
care
HF.
aim
this
article
review
evidence
RHC
various
clinical
scenarios
European Heart Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
45(11), P. 895 - 911
Published: March 5, 2024
Abstract
Atrial
secondary
tricuspid
regurgitation
(A-STR)
is
a
distinct
phenotype
of
with
predominant
dilation
the
right
atrium
and
normal
left
ventricular
function.
occurs
most
commonly
in
elderly
women
atrial
fibrillation
heart
failure
preserved
ejection
fraction
sinus
rhythm.
In
A-STR,
main
mechanism
leaflet
malcoaptation
related
to
presence
significant
annulus
enlargement.
addition,
there
an
insufficient
adaptive
growth
valve
leaflets
that
become
unable
cover
enlarged
annular
area.
As
opposed
phenotype,
tethering
typically
trivial.
The
A-STR
accounts
for
10%–15%
clinically
relevant
has
better
outcomes
compared
more
prevalent
phenotype.
Recent
data
suggest
patients
may
benefit
from
aggressive
rhythm
control
timely
interventions.
However,
little
mentioned
current
guidelines
on
how
identify,
evaluate,
manage
these
due
lack
consistent
evidence
variable
definitions
this
entity
recent
investigations.
This
interdisciplinary
expert
opinion
document
focusing
intended
help
physicians
understand
complex
rapidly
evolving
topic
by
reviewing
its
pathophysiology,
diagnosis,
multi-modality
imaging
characteristics.
It
first
defines
proposing
specific
quantitative
criteria
defining
discriminating
it
order
facilitate
standardization
consistency
research.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(5), P. 2973 - 2973
Published: March 4, 2024
The
endothelium
is
a
monocellular
layer
covering
the
inner
surface
of
blood
vessels.
It
maintains
vascular
homeostasis
regulating
tone
and
permeability
exerts
anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant,
anti-proliferative,
anti-thrombotic
functions.
When
exposed
to
detrimental
stimuli
including
hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia,
neurohormonal
imbalance,
different
biological
pathways
are
activated
leading
oxidative
stress,
endothelial
dysfunction,
increased
secretion
adipokines,
cytokines,
endothelin-1,
fibroblast
growth
factor,
reduced
nitric
oxide
production,
eventually
loss
integrity.
Endothelial
dysfunction
has
emerged
as
hallmark
dysmetabolic
impairment
contributes
effects
on
cardiac
metabolism
diastolic
development
cardiovascular
diseases
heart
failure.
Different
biomarkers
have
been
proposed
predict
in
order
identify
microvascular
macrovascular
damage
atherosclerosis,
particularly
metabolic
disorders.
also
plays
an
important
role
severe
COVID-19
complications
patients
after
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
In
this
review,
we
will
discuss
mechanisms
involved
dysregulation
context
cardiometabolic
well
available
promising
clinical
practice.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 256 - 256
Published: Feb. 23, 2025
Endothelial
dysfunction
(ED)
is
characterized
by
an
imbalance
between
vasodilatory
and
vasoconstrictive
factors,
leading
to
impaired
vascular
tone,
thrombosis,
inflammation.
These
processes
are
critical
in
the
development
of
cardiovascular
diseases
(CVDs)
such
as
atherosclerosis,
hypertension
ischemia/reperfusion
injury
(IRI).
Reduced
nitric
oxide
(NO)
production
increased
oxidative
stress
key
contributors
ED.
Aging
further
exacerbates
ED
through
mitochondrial
oxidative/nitrosative
stress,
heightening
CVD
risk.
Antioxidant
systems
like
superoxide-dismutase
(SOD),
glutathione-peroxidase
(GPx),
thioredoxin/thioredoxin-reductase
(Trx/TXNRD)
pathways
protect
against
stress.
However,
their
reduced
activity
promotes
ED,
vulnerability
IRI.
Metabolic
syndrome,
comprising
insulin
resistance,
obesity,
hypertension,
often
accompanied
Specifically,
hyperglycemia
worsens
endothelial
damage
promoting
Obesity
leads
chronic
inflammation
changes
perivascular
adipose
tissue,
while
associated
with
increase
The
NLRP3
inflammasome
plays
a
significant
role
being
triggered
factors
reactive
oxygen
nitrogen
species,
ischemia,
high
glucose,
which
contribute
inflammation,
injury,
exacerbation
Treatments,
N-acetyl-L-cysteine,
SGLT2
or
inhibitors,
show
promise
improving
function.
Yet
complexity
suggests
that
multi-targeted
therapies
addressing
metabolic
disturbances
essential
for
managing
CVDs
syndrome.
