Unraveling the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Precision Nutrition and Personalized Medicine

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3806 - 3806

Published: Nov. 6, 2024

Recent studies have shown a growing interest in the complex relationship between human gut microbiota, metabolism, and overall health. This review aims to explore microbiota-host association, focusing on its implications for precision nutrition personalized medicine. The objective is highlight how microbiota modulate metabolic immune functions, contributing disease susceptibility wellbeing. synthesizes recent research findings, analyzing key influence of lipid carbohydrate intestinal health, neurobehavioral regulation, endocrine signaling. Data were drawn from both experimental clinical trials examining interactions relevant nutrition. Our findings essential role microbiota-derived metabolites regulating host including glucose pathways. These been found responses barrier integrity. Additionally, impacts broader physiological processes, neuroendocrine which could be crucial dietary interventions. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms dietary-microbiota-host pivotal advancing strategies. Tailored recommendations based individual compositions hold promise improving health outcomes, potentially revolutionizing future healthcare approaches across diverse populations.

Language: Английский

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TGR5 deficiency in excitatory neurons ameliorates Alzheimer’s pathology by regulating APP processing

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(26)

Published: June 28, 2024

Bile acids (BAs) metabolism has a significant impact on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We found that deoxycholic acid (DCA) increased in brains AD mice at an early stage. The enhanced production DCA induces up-regulation bile receptor Takeda G protein-coupled (TGR5), which is also specifically neurons mouse accumulation exogenous impairs cognitive function wild-type mice, but not TGR5 knockout mice. This suggests primary mediating these effects DCA. Furthermore, excitatory neuron-specific ameliorates Aβ pathology and cognition impairments underlying mechanism linking relies downstream effectors APP production, succinctly concluded as “p-STAT3–APH1–γ-secretase” signaling pathway. Our studies identified critical role pathological development AD.

Language: Английский

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cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and anxiety: Where do we go next?

Cellular Signalling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 111311 - 111311

Published: July 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Altered gut microbial profile is associated with differentially expressed fecal microRNAs in patients with functional constipation

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

While dysbiosis within the intestinal ecosystem has been associated with functional constipation (FC), mechanisms underlying interactions between FC and microbiome remain poorly elucidated. Recent investigations suggested that host microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate bacterial growth influence composition of gut microbiome. To explore connection microbiota fecal miRNAs in patients, we initially employed 16S rRNA sequencing to assess microbial landscape 30 patients healthy controls (HCs). The α-diversity group exhibited some alterations, β-diversity significantly differed, signifying distinctive variations HCs. Subsequently, identified 44 differentially expressed (DE) feces from Through correlation analysis DE FC-associated microbiota, detected an interaction involving nine ( miR-205-5p , miR-493-5p miR-215-5p miR-184 miR-378c miR-335-5p miR-514a-3p miR-141-3p miR-34c-5p ) seven genera Oscillibacter Escherichia.Shigella UCG.002 Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group Lachnospiraceae_UCG.010 Eubacterium_ruminantium_group Megamonas ), as evidenced by a co-occurrence network. Further, comprehensive panel diagnostic biomarkers demonstrated robust discriminatory capacity predicting status when integrated into random forest model (AUC = 0.832, 95% CI: 65.73–98.88). Microbiomes correlating enrichment distinct predicted metabolic categories. Moreover, correlated bacteria were found be enriched signaling pathways linked colonic contractility, including Axon guidance, PI3K-Akt pathway, MAPK Hippo pathway. Our study offers insight global relationship context FC, presenting potential targets for further experimental validation therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Just a gut feeling: Faecal microbiota transplant for treatment of depression – A mini-review

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 353 - 361

Published: March 26, 2024

Background: The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) allows bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and gut microbiota (GM) is believed to contribute regulating mood/cognition/behaviour/metabolism/health homeostasis. Manipulation of GM through faecal transplant (FMT) a new, exciting promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Aims: This mini-review examines current research into FMT as therapy depression. Methods: Original articles published in Medline/Cochrane Library/PubMed/EMBASE/PsycINFO databases/National Institute Health website Clinicaltrials.gov/controlled-trials.com were searched. Full included reference lists evaluated. We summarise data on depression discuss communication MGBA interaction antidepressants this. review compositions dysbiosis depressed cohorts, focusing future directions MDD. Results: Studies have demonstrated significant patients compared healthy with overgrowth pro-inflammatory microbiota, reduction anti-inflammatory species reduced overall stability taxonomic richness. introduction gastrointestinal tract, facilitating restoration eubiosis. Conclusion: plays an integral role human health disease its rest body via MGBA. may provide means transfer phenotype recipient this concept humans attracting enormous attention prospective psychopathologies, such MDD, future. It be possible manipulate number ways, but further needed determine exact likelihood profiles involved development amelioration MDD humans, well long-term effects potential risks procedure.

Language: Английский

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Redefining Roles: A Paradigm Shift in Tryptophan–Kynurenine Metabolism for Innovative Clinical Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12767 - 12767

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

The tryptophan-kynurenine (KYN) pathway has long been recognized for its essential role in generating metabolites that influence various physiological processes. Traditionally, these have categorized into distinct, often opposing groups, such as pro-oxidant versus antioxidant, excitotoxic/neurotoxic neuroprotective. This dichotomous framework shaped much of the research on conditions like neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, well cancer, where metabolic imbalances are a key feature. effects significantly influenced by factors, including concentration particular cellular milieu which they generated. A molecule acts neuroprotective at low concentrations may exhibit neurotoxic elevated levels. oxidative equilibrium surrounding environment can alter function KYN from an antioxidant to pro-oxidant. narrative review offers comprehensive examination analysis contemporary understanding metabolites, emphasizing their multifaceted biological functions relevance numerous pathological underscores pressing necessity paradigm shift comprehension metabolism. Understanding context-dependent roles is vital novel therapies Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer. Comprehensive modulation, balancing inflammatory signals enzyme regulation, promising avenues targeted, effective treatments.

Language: Английский

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Study on the effects of Massa Medicata Fermentata with different formulations on the intestinal microbiota and enzyme activities in mice with spleen deficiency constipation

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

This study aims to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) with different formulations on spleen deficiency constipation in mice by analyzing gastrointestinal hormones, D-xylose, intestinal microbiota, and enzyme activities. A model was established using an oral administration Sennae Folium decoction combined controlled diet water intake. After successful establishment, were treated MMF S1, S2, S3. Following intervention, serum samples from each group collected measure VIP, 5-HT, D-xylose. Additionally, small intestine contents analyzed for activity subjected 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Mice showed significant decreases body weight fecal content. In contrast, CS2 CS3 groups returned normal levels, content also normal. The S2 S3 significantly increased protease sucrase enzymes levels compared CM group. Serum D-xylose reduced VIP but decreased groups. 5-HT CS1 significantly, returning showing increases. sequencing analysis revealed that all three effectively restored microbiota composition mice. LEfSe identified characteristic linked intervention upregulated chloroalkane chloroalkene degradation vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle pathways Candidatus_Arthromitus Psychrobacter positive negative correlations respectively. alleviated symptoms modulating activities, restoring balance. as potential biomarkers treatment constipation. Different have mechanisms regulating through microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Valeriana jatamansi Jones improves depressive behavior in CUMS mice by modulating vitamin B12-related ileal homeostasis

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 119392 - 119392

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Decoding TGR5: A Comprehensive Review of Its Impact on Cerebral Diseases

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107671 - 107671

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Bile Acids and Their Receptors in Depression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4023 - 4023

Published: April 24, 2025

Depression, a highly prevalent mental disorder worldwide, arises from multifaceted interactions involving neurotransmitter imbalances, inflammatory responses, and gut–brain axis dysregulation. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of bile acids (BAs) their receptors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Takeda G protein-coupled 5 (TGR5), liver receptors (LXRs) in depression pathogenesis through modulation neuroinflammation, gut microbiota homeostasis, neural plasticity. Clinical investigations demonstrated altered BA profiles depressed patients, characterized by decreased primary BAs (e.g., chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)) elevated secondary lithocholic (LCA)), correlating with symptom severity. Preclinical studies revealed that ameliorate depressive-like behaviors via dual mechanisms: direct CNS activation indirect signaling, regulating oxidative stress, BDNF/CREB pathways. However, clinical translation faces challenges species-specific metabolism, signaling complexity, pharmacological barriers limited blood–brain barrier permeability). While FXR/TGR5 agonists exhibit neuroprotective anti-inflammatory potential, adverse effects (pruritus, dyslipidemia) require thorough safety evaluation. Future research should integrate multiomics approaches interdisciplinary strategies to develop personalized BA-targeted therapies, advancing novel treatment paradigms for depression.

Language: Английский

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