Efficacy of Subcutaneous, Sublingual and Oral Immunotherapy for Allergens: A Comparative Study

Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety subcutaneous, sublingual, oral specific immunotherapy in patients who suffer from allergic conditions pollen trees, grasses weeds, house dust mites Alternaria alternata spores. A literature search performed separately for each type allergen administration route drug. As a result, it found that all routes were quite effective. However, most effective certain allergens. Subcutaneous sublingual have proven aeroallergens such as grass, weeds mites. Despite this, subcutaneous had number disadvantages form duration treatment greater prevalence side effects. Some authors suggest allergies mites, method administration, compared with nasal. Sublingual therapy safe enough types allergens under study, however, achieve same effect administration. In addition, has been shown be food obvious symptoms gastrointestinal disorders. is only approved elderly, due low risk time‐accelerated dosage‐enhanced also safe. These data prove effectiveness suffering rhinitis, bronchial asthma even atopic dermatitis.

Language: Английский

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Studies of methylated CpG ODN from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in a murine model: Implications for treatment of human allergic disease

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. e13 - e23

Published: Dec. 31, 2024

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the most effective immunologic form of treatment for patients with atopic allergic diseases commonly used by allergist/immunologists to reduce symptoms gradually desensitizing immune system specific allergens. Currently, primary mechanism AIT emphasizes crucial role regulation, which involves a shift from T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell response, promotes allergy, T-regulatory (Treg) population, inhibits inflammatory response through production immunosuppressive cytokines interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β, play pivotal roles in suppressing reaction. In series previous vitro vivo experiments, we have demonstrated capacity synthetic methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) moieties as well genomic DNA ODN motifs Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis activate Treg differentiation contrast unmethylated moiety, proinflammatory responses driven Th17-mediated responses. Objective: The purpose present study was continue exploring reciprocally related effects forms B. on inflammation, specifically focusing evaluating their alleviate murine disease model. Results: We show that CpG (ODNA) inhibit inflammation stimulating cells whereas (ODNB) promote Th1/Th17 pathways. Conclusion: Analysis our data confirms extends research mechanisms influence inflammation. Specifically, findings demonstrate moiety (OVA + ODNA) cells, ODNB) Consequently, these were shown or exacerbate model disease. These results set stage future clinical trials studies humans explore therapeutic potential targeting diseases.

Language: Английский

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Patient-perceived benefits of sublingual allergen immunotherapy: Design of the ERAPP study

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100033 - 100033

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Dose-response studies of methylated and nonmethylated CpG ODNs from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis for optimizing Treg cell stimulation

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 46(2), P. 98 - 104

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the most effective treatment for atopic allergic diseases, aiming to induce regulatory T cells (Treg) that modify immune response specific allergens, which leads long-term tolerance and reduced symptoms. Enhancing Treg activity crucial improving outcomes. In a previous murine model study, we examined effects of synthetic methylated DNA oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) from Bl-T2 m5C motif Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis . The ODN contains BI-T2 (methylated ODNA) sequence conjugated with ovalbumin induced production, whereas unmethylated (unmethylated ODNB) proinflammatory responses, demonstrated potential ODNs AIT. Objective: building on these results, this study explored nonmethylated motifs B. inflammation induction, while investigating dose-response relationships Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) optimal stimulation in clinical applications. Methods: Serum levels IL-17A, IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry assessed splenic populations BALB/c mice receiving graded doses or ODNs. Mice immunized intraperitoneally single 100-μg dose (plan A) multiple 25 μg B) 100 C) doses. Calf thymic served as positive control, phosphate-buffered saline solution alum negative controls. Results: Methylated significantly increased CD25 + FOXP3 Tregs compared Plan A (100 μg) elevated serum indicated plan B (four doses) did not activate Tregs. C (multiple highlighted critical dosing threshold induction. Conclusion: This therapeutic agents CpG pave way applications target diseases.

Language: Английский

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Comorbidities and multimorbidity in asthma

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

To describe the associations between asthma and relevant comorbidities, appraise latest evidence on management strategies of asthmatics with comorbid conditions. Conditions such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, obstructive pulmonary bronchiectasis, anxiety depression have been linked to worse outcomes in asthma. Recognition treatment these conditions is important asthma, particularly those uncontrolled or severe Biologics for effective polyps disease (COPD), emerging bronchiectasis. Weight loss programs diet exercise improve control. Anxiety are often unrecognized patients Comorbid recognized factors diagnosis who remain uncontrolled. Comorbidities correlated poor quality life control, increased healthcare utilization their associated improved outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Allergy Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticle-based Allergen Immunotherapy

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: March 20, 2025

Allergic disorders rising in prevalence globally, affecting a substantial proportion of individuals industrialized nations. The imbalance the immune system, characterized by elevated allergen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, is key factor allergy development. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) only treatment capable alleviating allergic symptoms, preventing new sensitizations, reducing asthma risk rhinitis patients. Traditional AIT, however, faces challenges such as frequent administration, adverse effects, inconsistent patient outcomes. Nanoparticle-based approaches have emerged promising strategy to enhance AIT. This review explores utilization nanoparticles highlighting their ability interact with system improve therapeutic Various types nanoparticles, including polyesters, polysaccharide polymers, liposomes, protamine-based (NPs), polyanhydrides, been employed adjuvants or carriers AIT’s efficacy safety. Nanoparticles offer advantages allergen protection, improved response modulation, targeted cell delivery, reduced side effects. provides an overview current landscape nanoparticle-based immunotherapy, discussing its potential revolutionize compared traditional immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of rArt v 1-based sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy in a murine model of asthma

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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The role of IgG1 and IgG4 as dominant IgE-blocking antibodies during allergen immunotherapy

Allergo Journal International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nose Woes

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1493 - 1494

Published: April 17, 2024

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Breaking the mold: nontraditional approaches to allergen immunotherapy for environmental allergens

Immunotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 17

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Allergen immunotherapy is a disease-modifying treatment for allergic diseases. The predominant traditional through subcutaneous administration of allergens to gradually desensitize individuals. While effective, allergen approaches are often lengthy, time consuming patients and can result in local or systemic adverse reactions. Nontraditional immunotherapies emerging as promising alternatives, offering potentially more convenient, safe efficacious options. This review sought comprehensively examine the safety, efficacy performance various nontraditional environmental allergens. covered this include sublingual, nasal, intralymphatic rush ultra-rush immunotherapy, allergoid, microbial anti-IgE immunotherapies. show significant promise addressing limitations immunotherapy. Methods like offer shorter regimens, enhancing patient adherence convenience. co-administration probiotics monoclonal antibodies, omalizumab, with AIT appears improve safety. Despite these advancements, further large-scale, long-term studies needed establish standardized protocols, dosing validate effects Standardizing outcome measurements across crucial accurate comparisons prior widespread clinical adoption innovative techniques.

Language: Английский

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