Advances in Antibody-Based Immune-Stimulating Drugs: Driving Innovation in Cancer Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1440 - 1440

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Antibody-based immune-stimulating drugs (ABIs) represent a transformative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, designed to reshape the tumor microenvironment and overcome immune suppression. This study highlighted recent advances ABIs, including antibody conjugates (ISACs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), checkpoint blockade enhancers, with focus on their mechanisms of action, clinical advancements, challenges. Preclinical findings revealed that ISACs effectively boost overall anti-cancer immunity by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages, enhancing T cell activation, engaging other pathways. Similarly, BsAbs redirect cells tumors, achieving significant regression. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing development ABIs optimizing drug design, identifying novel targets, accelerating preclinical validation, enabling personalized therapeutic strategies. Despite these challenges remain, resistance off-target effects. Future research should prioritize next-generation multifunctional antibodies, AI-driven innovations, combination therapies enhance efficacy expand applications. Connecting gaps could unlock full potential upgrading treatment improving outcomes for patients refractory or resistant tumors.

Language: Английский

A Novel Prognostic Signature of Mitophagy-Related E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Breast Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1551 - 1551

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Mitophagy plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial quality and cellular homeostasis. But the specific contribution of mitophagy-related E3 ubiquitin ligases to prognoses remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identified novel ligase prognostic signature using least absolute shrinkage selector operator (LASSO) multivariate Cox regression analyses breast cancer. Based on median risk scores, patients were divided into high-risk low-risk groups. Functional enrichment conducted explore biological differences between two Immune infiltration, drug sensitivity, mitochondrial-related phenotypes also analyzed evaluate clinical implications model. A four-gene (ARIH1, SIAH2, UBR5, WWP2) was identified, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that group had significantly worse overall survival (OS). The exhibited disrupted metabolism immune dysregulation with upregulated checkpoint molecules. Additionally, higher sensitivity several drugs targeting Akt/PI3K/mTORC1 signaling axis. Accompanying metabolic dysregulation, mtDNA stress elevated, contributing activation senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) group. conclusion, provides robust tool for stratification offers insights interplay mitophagy, modulation, therapeutic responses

Language: Английский

Exploring CISD1 as a multifaceted biomarker in cancer: Implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapeutic response

Genes & Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101677 - 101677

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский