Response to COVID-19 in Lebanon: update, challenges and lessons learned

Epidemiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 151

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health problem threatening national and global security. socio-economic impact of was more severe on developing countries including Lebanon, especially due to the fragile healthcare system, weak surveillance infrastructure lack comprehensive emergency preparedness response plans. Lebanon has been struggling with plethora challenges at social, economic, financial, political levels prior pandemic. in revealed gaps across spectrum emergencies. Despite these challenges, Lebanese successful delaying steep surge cases hospitalisations through imposing strict social measures. deployment vaccination plan February 2021 coincided reduction number hospitalisation rates. aim this manuscript is advance epidemiologic evolution pre- post-vaccination, affecting recovery, lessons learned.

Language: Английский

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Can endorsement by religious leaders move the needle on vaccine hesitancy?

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(4), P. 918 - 923

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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mRNA vaccine boosters and impaired immune system response in immune compromised individuals: a narrative review

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Abstract Over the last 24 months, there has been growing evidence of a correlation between mRNA COVID-19 vaccine boosters and increased prevalence infection other pathologies. Recent works have added possible causation to correlation. may impair immune system response in compromised individuals. Multiple doses vaccines result much higher levels IgG 4 antibodies, or also impaired activation CD4 + CD8 T cells. The opportunity for needs careful consideration, as this impacts cost-to-benefit ratio boosters’ practice.

Language: Английский

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Safety, immunogenicity and protective effect of sequential vaccination with inactivated and recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly: a prospective longitudinal study

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 13, 2024

Abstract The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly, a high-risk group for severe infection, have not been fully understood. To clarify these issues, this prospective study followed up 157 elderly 73 young participants 16 months compared safety, immunogenicity, two doses inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV by booster dose recombinant protein ZF2001. results showed that vaccination protocol was safe tolerable elderly. After administering BBIBP-CorV, positivity rates titers neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies were significantly lower than those individuals. ZF2001 dose, antibody-positive comparable to young; however, antibody remained lower. Gender, age, underlying diseases independently associated with immunogenicity pseudovirus neutralization assay that, after receiving priming, some obtained immunological protection against BA.5 BF.7 booster. Breakthrough infection symptoms last longer infected pre-infection negatively severity post-infection symptoms. levels increased breakthrough but still young. Our data suggest multiple vaccinations at short intervals maintain high may be an effective strategy protecting COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Variants of SARS CoV-2: mutations, transmissibility, virulence, drug resistance, and antibody/vaccine sensitivity

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 065 - 065

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrom coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) which has been designated a worldwide pandemic by World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Since that time, virus mutated and an assortment variants have successful at establishing themselves in human population. This review article describes SARS CoV-2 genome, hot spot mutations, variants, then focuses Delta variant, finishing up with update Omicron variant. The genome encompasses 11 open reading frames, one encodes spike or S protein target for vaccines some drugs because its role attachment to host cell, as well antibodies. Mutations are common among several include D614G increases transmissibility viral load often associated P323L RNA dependent polymerase. N501Y mutation receptor binding domain ACE-2 cells 10 fold. discussed carry combinations these other mutations classified concern, interest, under monitoring. All characterized increased (relative original CoV-2), reason their ability establish themselves. Several but not all more resistant antiviral less susceptible antibodies/vaccines. variant dominated world until November 2021 causes risk hospitalization death, still very current vaccines. most recent Omicron, decreased antibody susceptibility.

Language: Английский

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Acute painful crises may be causes of sudden deaths in sickle cell diseases

World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Background: Sickle cell diseases (SCDs) are severe inflammatory processes on vascular endothelium, especially at the capillary level because system is actual distributor of hardened red blood cells (RBCs) into tissues. Methods: All cases with SCDs were included. Results: We studied 222 males and 212 females similar mean ages (30.8 vs 30.3 years, p>0.05, respectively). Disseminated teeth losses (5.4% 1.4%, p<0.001), ileus (7.2% cirrhosis (8.1% 1.8%, leg ulcers (19.8% 7.0%, digital clubbing (14.8% 6.6%, coronary heart disease (18.0% 13.2%, p<0.05), chronic renal (9.9% 6.1%, obstructive pulmonary (25.2% stroke (12.1% 7.5%, p<0.05) all higher in but not acute chest syndrome (2.7% 3.7%), hypertension (12.6% 11.7), deep venous thrombosis and/or varices telangiectasias (9.0% 6.6%), or age mortality (30.2 33.3 years) (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: The RBCs-induced endothelial damage, inflammation, edema, fibrosis initiated birth, terminate disseminated tissue hypoxia multiorgan failures even childhood SCDs. Although RBCs supports corticosteroids phase aspirin plus hydroxyurea both phases decrease severity diseases, survivals still shortened genders, dramatically. Infections, medical surgical emergencies, emotional stresses-induced increased basal metabolic rate aggravates sickling may painful crises, failures, sudden deaths. Key words: deaths, atherosclerosis, aging

Language: Английский

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Metformin for Treatment of Acute COVID-19: Systematic Review of Clinical Trial Data Against SARS-CoV-2

Diabetes Care, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 1432 - 1442

Published: June 20, 2023

Observational and preclinical data suggest metformin may prevent severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 Mortality Rate Is Associated with Illiteracy, Age, and Air Pollution in Urban Neighborhoods: A Spatiotemporal Cross-Sectional Analysis

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 85 - 85

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

There are different area-based factors affecting the COVID-19 mortality rate in urban areas. This research aims to examine rates and their geographical association with various socioeconomic ecological determinants 350 of Tehran’s neighborhoods as a big city. All deaths related included from December 2019 July 2021. Spatial techniques, such Kulldorff’s SatScan, geographically weighted regression (GWR), multi-scale GWR (MGWR), were used investigate spatially varying correlations between predictors, including air pollutant factors, status, built environment public transportation infrastructure. The city’s downtown northern areas found be significantly clustered terms spatial temporal high-risk for mortality. MGWR model outperformed OLS models an adjusted R2 0.67. Furthermore, was associated quality (e.g., NO2, PM10, O3); pollution increased, so did Additionally, aging illiteracy positively rates. Our approach this study could implemented potential associations other emerging infectious diseases worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Risk of thyroid dysfunction associated with mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines: a population-based study of 2.3 million vaccine recipients

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

Abstract Background In view of accumulating case reports thyroid dysfunction following COVID-19 vaccination, we evaluated the risks incident inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccines using a population-based dataset. Methods We identified people who received vaccination between 23 February 30 September 2021 from electronic health database in Hong Kong, linked to records. Thyroid encompassed anti-thyroid drug (ATD)/levothyroxine (LT4) initiation, biochemical picture hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease (GD), thyroiditis. A self-controlled series design was used estimate incidence rate ratio (IRR) 56-day post-vaccination period compared baseline (non-exposure period) conditional Poisson regression. Results total 2,288,239 at least one dose (57.8% BNT162b2 recipients 42.2% CoronaVac recipients). 94.3% 92.2% second dose. Following first there no increase ATD initiation (BNT162b2: IRR 0.864, 95% CI 0.670–1.114; CoronaVac: 0.707, 0.549–0.912), LT4 0.911, 0.716–1.159; 0.778, 0.618–0.981), hyperthyroidism 0.872, 0.744–1.023; 0.830, 0.713–0.967) or hypothyroidism 1.002, 0.838–1.199; 0.963, 0.807–1.149), GD, Similarly, 0.972, 0.770–1.227; 0.879, 95%CI 0.693–1.116), 1.019, 0.833–1.246; 0.768, 0.613–0.962), 1.039, 0.899–1.201; 0.786–1.055), 0.935, 0.794–1.102; 0.945, 0.799–1.119), Age- sex-specific subgroup sensitivity analyses showed consistent neutral associations both types vaccines. Conclusions Our study evidence vaccine-related with CoronaVac.

Language: Английский

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Barriers and facilitators of childhood COVID-19 vaccination among parents: A systematic review

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

The acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 among parents young children plays a significant role in controlling the current pandemic. A wide range factors that influence vaccine hesitancy adults has been reported worldwide, but less attention given to children. Vaccine is considered major challenge achieving herd immunity, and it more challenging as they remain deeply concerned about their child's health. In this context, systematic review literature inevitable assess ensure successful ongoing program.

Language: Английский

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