A Comprehensive Review on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with Emphasis on Immunity

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 942 - 942

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in pig production worldwide responsible for enormous economic losses. PRRSV infection gestating gilts sows induces failure. Additionally, distress observed infected piglets fattening pigs, resulting growth retardation increased mortality. Importantly, interferes with immunity tract, making PRRSV-infected pigs more susceptible to opportunistic secondary pathogens. Despite availability commercial vaccines than three decades, control disease remains a frustrating challenging task. This paper provides comprehensive overview PRRSV, covering its history, scientific importance, description viral structure genetic diversity. It explores virus’s pathogenesis, including cell tropism, entry, replication, stages epidemiology. reviews porcine innate adaptative immune responses comprehend modulation mechanisms employed by PRRS evasion.

Language: Английский

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Role of genetic factors in different swine breeds exhibiting varying levels of resistance/susceptibility to PRRSV

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 326, P. 199057 - 199057

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is an economically significant contagious disease. Traditional approaches based on vaccines or medicines were challenging to control PRRSV due diversity of viruses. Different breeds pigs infected with have been reported different immune responses. However, complexity interaction mechanism between host PRRSV, genetic leading susceptibility/resistance in various pig still unclear. Herein, role components susceptibility systematically described, molecular mechanisms which factors such as SNPs, cytokines, receptor molecules, intestinal flora, non-coding RNAs regulate susceptibility/resistance. Therefore, improving resistance disease individual animals through disease-resistance breeding technology profound significance for uplifting sustainable healthy development industry.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs: exploring their role in farm animal disease and mycotoxin challenges

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 13, 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key regulators in gene expression and play a crucial role immune responses, holding significant promise for diagnosing managing diseases farm animals. This review article summarizes current research on the of miRNAs various animal mycotoxicosis, highlighting their potential biomarkers using them mitigation strategies. Through an extensive literature review, we focused impact pathogenesis several diseases, including viral bacterial infections mycotoxicosis. They regulate by inducing mRNA deadenylation, decay, or translational inhibition, significantly impacting cellular processes protein synthesis. The revealed specific associated with diseases; instance, gga-miR-M4 is Marek’s disease, gga-miR-375 tumor-suppressing function Avian Leukosis. In swine disease such Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) influenza, like miR-155 miR-21-3p emerged regulatory factors. Additionally, our highlighted interaction between mycotoxins, suggesting can be used biomarker mycotoxin exposure. For example, alterations miRNA expression, dysregulation observed response to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) chickens, may indicate mechanisms toxin-induced changes lipid metabolism leading liver damage. Our findings highlight early detection intervention management, potentially reducing economic losses agriculture. With only fraction functionally characterized animals, this underlines more altered distinct advanced technologies CRISPR-Cas9 screening, single-cell sequencing, integrated multi-omics approaches. Identifying targets offers novel pathway development strategies against exposure

Language: Английский

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces mitophagy to inhibit the apoptosis and activation of JAK/STAT1 pathway

Veterinary Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 303, P. 110427 - 110427

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Validation of Polymorphisms Associated with the Immune Response After Vaccination Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Yorkshire Gilts

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 295 - 295

Published: March 22, 2025

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome is a viral disease that impacts the health profitability of swine farms, largely due to significant variation in vaccination response. The objective was identify validate molecular markers associated with antibody response gilts following against PRRSV. study included one hundred (n = 100) 6-month-old Yorkshire were negative for Gilts randomly assigned two treatments, PRRS-vaccinated 75) control 25) groups. Blood samples collected on day 21 analyzed evaluate response, as indicated by sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, PRRSV vaccination. DNA extracted genotyped using low-density chip containing 10,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide association (GWAS) conducted candidate SNPs S/P which validated independent gilt populations 226). rs707264998, rs708860811, rs81358818 genes RNF144B, XKR9, BMAL1, respectively, significantly (p < 0.01) ratio demonstrated an additive effect. In conclusion, three are proposed enhanced immune may be beneficial genetic selection programs.

Language: Английский

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Host Cells Actively Resist Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection via the IRF8-MicroRNA-10a-SRP14 Regulatory Pathway

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96(7)

Published: March 16, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the virus-host interaction. Our previous work has indicated that expression level of miR-10a increased porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection further inhibited viral replication through downregulates host molecule signal-recognition particle 14 (SRP14) protein. However, molecular mechanism after PRRSV remains unknown. In present study, transcription factor interferon regulatory 8 (IRF8) was identified as a negative regulator miR-10a. decreases IRF8 PAMs, leading to upregulating anti-PRRSV role. Meanwhile, this first proved promoted miR-10a-dependent manner. Further, we explained SRP14, target gene miR-10a, promotes synthesis genome by interacting with components Nsp2, thus facilitating replication. conclusion, novel IRF8-miR-10a-SRP14 pathway against infection, which provides new insights into interactions suggests potential antiviral strategies control PRRSV. IMPORTANCE Porcine rapidly spread global pig industry caused incalculable economic damage since discovered 1980s. conventional vaccines do not provide satisfactory protection. Understanding mechanisms resistance is necessary develop safe effective During miRNAs vital roles regulating or genes at posttranscriptional level. The significance our study revealed transcriptional regulation infection. Moreover, research also Thus, report measures for future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Inducible miR-150 Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Targeting Viral Genome and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1485 - 1485

Published: July 7, 2022

Hosts exploit various approaches to defend against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key negative post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression been reported play important roles in regulating Here, we identified that miR-150 was differentially expressed permissive non-permissive cells. Subsequently, demonstrated PRRSV induced the via activating protein kinase C (PKC)/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK)/c-Jun pathway, overexpression suppressed replication. Further analysis revealed not only directly targeted genome, but also facilitated type I IFN signaling. RNA immunoprecipitation assay suppressor cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), which is a regulator Janus activated (JAK)/signal transducer activator transcription (STAT) pathway. The inverse correlation between SOCS1 implies plays role ISG expression. In conclusion, upregulated upon feedback positively targets genome promotes signaling, can be seen host defensive strategy.

Language: Английский

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Role of microRNAs in host defense against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection: a hidden front line

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 25, 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening swine industry worldwide. Substantial advancements have been achieved in recent years towards comprehending pathogenesis PRRSV infection host response, involving both innate adaptive immune responses. Not only a multitude proteins actively participate intricate interactions with viral proteins, but microRNAs (miRNAs) also play pivotal role response to infection. If PRRSV–host interaction at protein level conceptualized as front line battle between pathogens cells, then their fight RNA resembles hidden line. miRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs approximately 20–25 nucleotides (nt) that primarily regulate degradation or translation inhibition target genes by binding 3’-untranslated regions (UTRs). Insights into roles played can enhance our comprehensive understanding The interplay cellular targets during has extensively explored. This review predominantly centers on contemporary level, particular, focusing twenty-six affect replication response.

Language: Английский

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Porcine cis-acting lnc-CAST positively regulates CXCL8 expression through histone H3K27ac

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract The chemokine CXCL8, also known as the neutrophil chemotactic factor, plays a crucial role in mediating inflammatory responses and managing cellular immune reactions during viral infections. Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) primarily infects pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), leading to acute In this study, we explored novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), termed lnc-CAST, situated within Cxcl8 gene locus. This lncRNA was found be highly expressed porcine macrophages. We observed that both lnc-CAST CXCL8 were significantly upregulated PAMs following PRRSV infection, after treatments with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Furthermore, noticed concurrent upregulation of expression lungs PRRSV-infected pigs. then determined positively influenced PAMs. Overexpression led an increase production, which turn enhanced migration epithelial cells recruitment neutrophils. Conversely, inhibiting resulted reduced production PAMs, decreased levels From mechanistic perspective, localized nucleus, facilitated enrichment histone H3K27ac promoter region, thereby stimulating transcription cis-regulatory manner. conclusion, our study underscores pivotal critical regulating offering valuable insights into regulation lung damage infection.

Language: Английский

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miR-142-3p suppresses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection by directly targeting Rac1

Veterinary Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 269, P. 109434 - 109434

Published: April 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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