Two- and Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 620 - 620

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

In vitro models play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease (PD AD). Traditionally, 2D cell cultures have been instrumental elucidating the cellular mechanisms underlying these diseases. Cultured cells derived from patients or animal provide valuable insights into pathological processes at level. However, they often lack native tissue environment complexity, limiting their ability to fully recapitulate features. contrast, 3D offer more physiologically relevant platform by mimicking brain architecture. These can incorporate multiple types, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, creating microenvironment that closely resembles brain’s complexity. Bioengineering approaches allow researchers better replicate cell–cell interactions, neuronal connectivity, disease-related phenotypes. Both advantages limitations. While simplicity scalability for high-throughput screening basic processes, enhanced physiological relevance Integrating findings both model systems NDs, ultimately aiding development novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we review existing study PD AD.

Language: Английский

Application of diceCT to Study the Development of the Zika Virus Infected Mouse Brain

Published: July 11, 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV) impacts the developing brain. Here a technique was applied to define, in 3D, developmental changes brain of ZIKV-infected mice. Postnatal day 1 mice were uninfected or ZIKV-infected, then analysed by iodine staining and micro-CT scanning (diffusible contrast enhanced micro-CT; diceCT) at 3-, 6- 10-days post infection (dpi). Multiple regions visualised using diceCT; olfactory bulb, cerebrum, hippocampus, midbrain, interbrain, cerebellum, along with lens retina eye. Brain computationally segmented quantitated, increased volumes time Conversely, mice, no quantitative differences seen 3 6 dpi, when there are clinical signs, but qualitatively, diverse visual defects identified 6-10 dpi. By 10 had significantly lower body weight reduced volume compared dpi-uninfected 6dpi Nissl immunofluorescent Iba1 on post-diceCT tissue successful, RNA extraction not. Thus, diceCT shows utility for detecting both 3D qualitative benefit, post-diceCT, retaining ability apply traditional histology analysis tissue.

Language: Английский

Application of diceCT to Study the Development of the Zika Virus-Infected Mouse Brain

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1330 - 1330

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV) impacts the developing brain. Here, a technique was applied to define, in 3D, developmental changes brains of ZIKV-infected mice. Postnatal day 1 mice were uninfected or ZIKV-infected, then analysed by iodine staining and micro-CT scanning (diffusible contrast-enhanced micro-CT; diceCT) at 3-, 6-, 10-days post-infection (dpi). Multiple brain regions visualised using diceCT: olfactory bulb, cerebrum, hippocampus, midbrain, interbrain, cerebellum, along with lens retina eye. Brain computationally segmented quantitated, increased volumes time Conversely, mice, no quantitative differences seen 3 6 dpi when there clinical signs, but qualitatively, diverse visual defects identified 6–10 dpi. By 10 dpi, had significantly lower body weight reduced volume compared dpi-uninfected Nissl immunofluorescent Iba1 on post-diceCT tissue successful, RNA extraction not. Thus, diceCT shows utility for detecting both 3D qualitative benefit, post-diceCT, retaining ability apply traditional histology analysis tissue.

Language: Английский