The role of l -serine and l -threonine in the energy metabolism and nutritional stress response of Trypanosoma cruzi

mSphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

l-Serine and l-threonine have versatile roles in metabolism. In addition to their use protein synthesis, these amino acids participate the biosynthesis pathways of other even phospholipids. Furthermore, l-serine can be substrates for a serine/threonine dehydratase (Ser/ThrDH), resulting pyruvate 2-oxobutyrate, respectively, thus being with anaplerotic potential. Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent Chagas disease, uses several biological processes: metacyclogenesis, infection, resistance nutritional oxidative stress, osmotic control, etc. This study investigated import metabolism l-serine, l-threonine, glycine T. cruzi. Our results demonstrate that are transported from extracellular environment into cruzi cells through saturable transport system fits Michaelis-Menten model. show sustain epimastigote cell viability under stress conditions stimulate oxygen consumption, maintaining intracellular ATP levels. Additionally, our findings indicate serine plays role establishing mitochondrial membrane potential Serine is also involved energy via serine-pyruvate pathway, which stimulates production subsequent excretion acetate alanine. importance provide new insights metabolic adaptations this parasite during its life cycle.IMPORTANCETrypanosoma responsible impacts 5-6 million individuals Americas rapidly spreading globally due significant human migration. parasitic organism undergoes complex cycle involving triatomine insects mammalian hosts, thriving diverse environments, such as various regions within insect's digestive tract cytoplasm. Crucially, transmission hinges on adaptive capabilities varying environments. One most challenging environments tract, marked by nutrient scarcity between blood meals, redox imbalance, stresses induced triatomine's To endure conditions, has developed remarkably network enabling it metabolize sugars, lipids, efficiently. However, full extent metabolites thrive remains incompletely understood. reveals that, beyond conventional carbon sources (glucose, palmitic acids, proline, histidine, glutamine, alanine), three additional (serine, threonine, glycine) play vital parasite's survival starvation. Remarkably, threonine directly contribute enzyme not previously described The significance pathway sheds light how networks aid endurance extreme ability settings.

Language: Английский

Energy metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi : the validated and putative bioenergetic and carbon sources

mBio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 20, 2025

ABSTRACT Trypanosoma cruzi, along with brucei and over 20 species of the genus Leishmania, constitutes a group human pathogenic flagellated protists collectively called “TriTryp,” posing among best-studied protists. These organisms have complex life cycles are transmitted by insects, which, vertebrates, serve as their natural hosts. Throughout cycles, these parasites encounter diverse environments varying physical, chemical, biochemical, biological characteristics that stages for evolutionary stories, culminating in different metabolic configurations requirements. Here, we review evidence pathways directly or indirectly participate energy-transducing processes, discussing where appropriate implications networks TriTryp.

Language: Английский