Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2020

Abstract Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for therapy. These self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers activators transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), well extracellular vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, matrix, exosomes, shown be very important regulators CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) developed specifically CSCs, some these factors already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization identification depicts major pathways that regulate CSC development, discusses targeted therapy

Language: Английский

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Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current and Evolving Therapies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 1338 - 1338

Published: June 22, 2017

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which constitutes 90% of pancreatic cancers, is the fourth leading cause cancer-related deaths in world. Due to broad heterogeneity genetic mutations and dense stromal environment, PDAC belongs one most chemoresistant cancers. Most available treatments are palliative, with objective relieving disease-related symptoms prolonging survival. Currently, therapeutic options surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, use targeted drugs. However, thus far, therapies targeting cancer-associated molecular pathways have not given satisfactory results; this due part rapid upregulation compensatory alternative as well desmoplastic reaction. In review, we summarize currently clinical trials, directed towards a plethora components dysregulated during carcinogenesis. Emerging trends promising approach will also be discussed.

Language: Английский

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CONKO-005: Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine Plus Erlotinib Versus Gemcitabine Alone in Patients After R0 Resection of Pancreatic Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Phase III Trial

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 35(29), P. 3330 - 3337

Published: Aug. 17, 2017

Purpose Gemcitabine is standard of care in the adjuvant treatment resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib combination with gemcitabine has shown efficacy advanced PDAC and was considered to improve survival patients primarily after R0 resection. Patients Methods In an open-label, multicenter trial, were randomly assigned one two study arms: 1,000 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks plus 100 mg once per day (GemErlo) or (Gem) alone for six cycles. primary end point disease-free (DFS) from 14 18 months by adding gemcitabine. Results all, 436 at 57 centers between April 2008 July 2013. A total 361 instances (83%) disease recurrence observed a median follow-up 54 months. Median duration 22 both arms. There no difference DFS (GemErlo 11.4 months; Gem months) overall 24.5 26.5 months). trend toward long-term favor GemErlo (estimated 2, 5 years 77%, 53%, 25% v 79%, 54%, 20% Gem, respectively). occurrence grade rash not associated better arm. Conclusion To best our knowledge, CONKO-005 first investigate chemotherapy targeted therapy PDAC. 24 did over Gem.

Language: Английский

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Clinical development of targeted and immune based anti-cancer therapies

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 38(1)

Published: April 11, 2019

Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death globally and expected to be responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. With an unprecedented understanding molecular pathways that drive development progression human cancers, novel targeted therapies have become exciting new anti-cancer medicine. These therapies, also known as biologic a major modality medical treatment, by acting block growth cancer cells specifically targeting molecules required cell tumorigenesis. Due their specificity, these are better efficacy limited adverse side effects when compared with other treatment options, including hormonal cytotoxic therapies. In this review, we explore clinical development, successes challenges facing both small molecule inhibitors antibody Herein, introduce epidermal factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial (VEGF), 2 (HER2), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), BRAF, T-cell mediated immune response, T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) programmed protein-1 (PD-1)/ PD-1 ligand (PD-1 L).

Language: Английский

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GSK-3β in DNA repair, apoptosis, and resistance of chemotherapy, radiotherapy of cancer

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1867(5), P. 118659 - 118659

Published: Jan. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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Hedgehog/GLI Signaling Pathway: Transduction, Regulation, and Implications for Disease

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(14), P. 3410 - 3410

Published: July 7, 2021

The Hh/GLI signaling pathway was originally discovered in Drosophila as a major regulator of segment patterning development. This consists series ligands (Shh, Ihh, and Dhh), transmembrane receptors (Ptch1 Ptch2), transcription factors (GLI1–3), regulators (SMO, HHIP, SUFU, PKA, CK1, GSK3β, etc.) that work concert to repress (Ptch1, Ptch2, GSK3β) or activate Dhh, SMO, GLI1–3) the cascade. Not long after initial discovery, dysregulation implicated human disease. Activation this is observed many types cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, more. Most often, activation cancer occurs through ligand-independent mechanism. However, benign disease, mostly ligand-dependent. upstream component receptor complex, bypassed, GLI family can be activated regardless ligand binding. Additional mechanisms exist whereby entirety downstream PTCH1 promotes cycle progression prevents caspase-mediated apoptosis. Throughout review, we summarize each cascade, non-canonical modes activation, implications cancer.

Language: Английский

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Role of long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and treatment resistance- A review

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 245, P. 154438 - 154438

Published: April 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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KRAS-related proteins in pancreatic cancer

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 29 - 42

Published: Sept. 9, 2016

Language: Английский

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Molecular and cellular mechanisms of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer

Advances in Biological Regulation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 68, P. 77 - 87

Published: Nov. 23, 2017

Language: Английский

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MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 – pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines with neuroendocrine differentiation and somatostatin receptors

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2016

Studies using cell lines should always characterize these cells to ensure that the results are not distorted by unexpected morphological or genetic changes possibly due culture time passage number. Thus, aim of this study was describe those MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 line phenotype genotype characteristics may play a crucial role in pancreatic cancer therapeutic assays, namely neuroendocrine chemotherapy peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Epithelial, mesenchymal, endocrine stem marker characterization performed immunohistochemistry flow cytometry, genotyping PCR, gene sequencing capillary electrophoresis. (polymorphism) expresses CK5.6, AE1/AE3, E-cadherin, vimentin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, SSTR2 NTR1 but CD56. (pleomorphism) MNF-116, CD56 synaptophysin NTR1. PaCA-1 is CD24(-), CD44(+/++), CD326(-/+) CD133/1(-), while CD24(-/+), CD44(+), CD133/1(-). Both have KRAS TP53 mutations homozygous deletions including first 3 exons CDKN2A/p16(INK4A), no SMAD4/DPC4 microsatellite instability. differentiation receptors, precisely features making them suitable for therapies we propose assay future studies.

Language: Английский

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