Energy Nexus,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
6, P. 100087 - 100087
Published: May 28, 2022
Biodiesel
is
a
renewable
alternative
biofuel
to
conventional
fossil
fuel.
can
be
produced
through
esterification
and
transesterification
reactions
mainly
catalyzed
by
acid,
alkali,
enzyme
catalysts.
Among
all
of
these
catalysts,
catalysts
are
more
advantageous
than
chemical
(alkali
acid
catalysts)
due
their
high
selectivity,
mild
reaction
conditions,
lower
energy
consumption,
yielding
good
quality
products
with
no
side
reactions.
However,
because
the
costs
enzymes,
there
limit
on
use
enzymatic
operation
an
industrial
scale.
The
cost
enzymes
reduced
improving
lifespan
Over
last
few
decades,
significant
developments
in
enzyme-based
biodiesel
synthesis
have
been
attained
both
laboratory
scale,
production
also
reduced.
This
review
gives
overview
immobilized
lipase-catalyzed
lipase-inorganic
hybrid
nanoflowers
production,
including
economic
viability
idea
about
different
reactors
which
used
for
reaction.
Green Energy and Resources,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
1(3), P. 100032 - 100032
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
It
is
no
longer
unfamiliar
to
the
world
that
usage
of
fossil-derived
fuel
accompanied
by
several
downsides,
including
environmental
fatality
associated
with
toxic
gas
emissions
from
diesel
engines
and
recurring
surging
price
fuel.
The
concern
regarding
exploitation
natural
resources
subsequent
threats
has
caught
attention
all
nations.
Therefore,
scientists
have
stepped
forward
come
up
most
suitable
alternative
conventional
They
utilized
abundance
oil
feedstocks
performed
transesterification
reactions
short-chain
alcohols
produce
less
toxic,
eco-friendly
termed
Biodiesel
which
was
considered
be
a
viable
substitute.
In
order
carry
out
reaction
feasibly,
certain
homogeneous
heterogeneous
catalysts
were
employed.
Heterogeneous
got
more
recognition
among
researchers;
however,
many
these
did
not
attain
large-scale
production.
Among
catalysts,
calcium
oxide
(CaO)
appeared
one
solid
base
for
biodiesel
synthesis.
CaO
can
derived
chemically
as
well
sources
such
chicken
eggshells,
snail
shells,
biont
shells
more.
exhibits
high
catalytic
activity
perform
reactions.
Additionally,
cheap
catalyst
also
used
support
material
various
systems.
Constructing
effective
CaO-based
industrial
production
unlocks
scope
process
advancements
in
this
area.
This
paper
aims
review
performances
recently
reported
solid-base
systems
biodiesel.
Moreover,
preparation
conditions,
parameters,
properties
obtained,
advantages
disadvantages,
life
cycle
assessment,
circular
economy
discussed.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(4), P. 2654 - 2689
Published: Feb. 2, 2024
The
rapid
depletion
of
fossil-derived
fuels
along
with
rising
environmental
pollution
have
motivated
academics
and
manufacturers
to
pursue
more
environmentally
friendly
sustainable
energy
options
in
today's
globe.
Biodiesel
has
developed
as
an
ecologically
favorable
alternative.
However,
the
mass
manufacturing
biodiesel
on
industrial
scale
confronts
substantial
cost
pricing
challenges.
To
address
this
issue,
high-efficiency
catalysts
a
large
number
active
sites
are
needed,
resulting
increased
output
quality.
Metal–organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
received
lot
interest
catalyst
for
converting
oils/fats
or
fatty
acids
into
biodiesel.
MOFs
polyporous
materials
that
can
alter
pore
size
well
topological
structure.
They
serve
versatile
foundation
designing
satisfy
unique
needs
catalytic
reactions
conversion
pathways.
purpose
current
work
is
shed
light
underlying
mechanisms
essential
properties
MOF-based
used
synthesis.
In
addition,
several
methods
connecting
inside
scrutinized,
while
usability
production
process
completely
compared
other
catalysts.
More
importantly,
limits
future
research
directions
about
utilization
synthesis
route
also
critically
presented.
general,
review
contributes
improved
awareness
potential
sector
by
investigating
primary
mechanism
characteristics
