We
investigate
the
time-dependent,
incompressible
natural
convective
iron
oxide-water
nanofluid
flow
within
an
annulus
formed
between
a
square
and
concentric
hypocycloid,
considering
varying
cusp
numbers.
utilize
Galerkin
finite
element
method
for
solving
governing
nondimensional
equations.
The
results
highlight
remarkable
observation,
as
ferric
exhibits
significantly
enhanced
heat
transfer
compared
to
conventional
fluid.
precise
positioning
of
hypocycloid
in
configuration
represents
critical
phenomenon
that
enhances
rates
nanofluid.
three
cusped
hypocycloids
positioned
on
inner
wall
perpendicular
horizontal
axis
result
surpasses
other
configurations
numbers
studied
analysis.
Notably,
discernible
increase
with
nanoparticle
volume
fraction
(maximum
3vol%),
while
it
declines
diameter.
intricate
interplay
diameter,
fraction,
number,
exert
substantial
influence
friction
factor
particle-surface
interaction.
As
number
cusps
surface
increases,
velocity,
Nusselt
concentration
near
boundary
layer
decrease,
fluctuations
middle
indicate
combined
dispersion
formation
due
orientation
hypocycloidal
cusps.
An
particle
diameter
sharpness
corners
leads
proportional
resistance
annulus.
Energy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
307, P. 132634 - 132634
Published: July 31, 2024
The
aim
of
this
work
is
to
analyse
numerically
the
heat
transfer
for
serpentine-type
cooling
channels
in
a
PEM
fuel
cell
stack.
effect
coolant
type,
flow
rate,
inlet
temperature,
presence
thermal
contact
resistance
and
gas
diffusion
layer,
bipolar
plate
material
design
was
studied
with
CFD
simulations
100
cm2
active
area
serpentine
refrigeration
capability
PEMFC
A
novel
correlation
Nusselt
number
presented.
originality
proposed
lies
fact
that
it
can
be
used
comprehensive
range
operating
conditions,
fluids
materials,
assessing
influence
those
variables
on
temperature
distributions
within
cell.
Results
study
determined
mass
conductivity
presented
higher
obtained
terms
Uniform
Temperature
Index
showed
values
above
3.65
%
lead
differences
membrane
than
5
K,
which
could
cause
degradation
problems.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(22), P. 15923 - 15923
Published: Nov. 14, 2023
This
comprehensive
review
explores
recent
developments
in
Proton
Exchange
Membrane
Fuel
Cells
(PEMFCs)
and
evaluates
their
alignment
with
the
ambitious
targets
established
by
U.S.
Department
of
Energy
(DOE).
Notable
advancements
have
been
made
developing
catalysts,
membrane
technology
advancements,
gas
diffusion
layers
(GDLs),
enhancements
bipolar
plates.
findings
include
using
carbon
nanotubes
graphene
oxide
membranes,
leading
to
substantial
performance
enhancements.
Innovative
coatings
materials
for
plates
demonstrated
improved
corrosion
resistance
reduced
interfacial
contact
resistance,
approaching
DOE
targets.
Nevertheless,
persistent
trade-off
between
durability
cost
remains
a
formidable
challenge.
Extending
fuel
cell
lifetimes
standards
often
necessitates
higher
catalyst
loadings,
conflicting
reduction
objectives.
Despite
ultimate
goals
USD
30/kW
electric
vehicles
(FCEVs)
600,000
buses
(FCEBs)
remain
elusive.
underscores
necessity
continuous
research
innovation,
emphasizing
importance
collaborative
efforts
among
academia,
industry,
government
agencies
overcome
remaining
technical
barriers.
International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19, P. 747 - 765
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract
Nanotechnology
has
increased
electric
vehicle
(EV)
battery
production,
efficiency
and
use.
is
explored
in
this
car
illustration.
Nanoscale
materials
topologies
research
energy
density,
charge
time
cycle
life.
Nanotubes,
graphene
metal
oxides
improve
storage,
flow
charging/discharge.
Solid-state
lithium-air
high-energy
batteries
are
safer,
more
dense
stable
using
nanoscale
catalysts.
improves
parts.
Nanostructured
fluids
reduce
lithium
dendrite,
improving
batteries.
Nanocoating
electrodes
may
damage
extend
benefits
the
planet.
Nanomaterials
allow
parts
to
employ
ordinary,
safe
instead
of
rare,
harmful
ones.
promotes
recycling,
reducing
waste.
Change
does
not
influence
stable,
cost-effective
or
scalable
items.
Business
opportunities
for
nanotechnology-based
EV
need
research.
High-performance,
robust
environmentally
friendly
might
make
cars
popular
transportation
sustainable
with
development.
An
outline
nanotechnology
researchexamines
publication
patterns,
notable
articles,
collaborators
contributions.
This
issue
was
researched
extensively,
indicating
interest.
Research
focuses
on
anode
materials,
storage
performance.
A
landscape
assessment
demonstrates
nanotechnology’s
growth
future.
comprehensive
literature
review
examined
nanosensors
EVs.
Our
study
provides
a
solid
foundation
understanding
current
state
research,
identifying
major
trends
discovering
breakthroughs
sensors
by
carefully
reviewing,
characterizing
rating
important
papers.
International Journal of Thermofluids,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22, P. 100664 - 100664
Published: April 15, 2024
Considering
varying
cusp
numbers,
we
investigate
the
time-dependent,
incompressible
natural
convective
flow
of
an
iron
oxide-water
nanofluid
within
annulus
formed
between
a
square
and
concentric
hypocycloid.
The
vertical
walls
are
treated
as
relatively
colder
walls,
while
bottom
wall
disk
inner
hypocycloid
act
heat
sources.
outer
upper
is
considered
adiabatic.
We
transform
dimensional,
nonlinear,
strongly
coupled
fundamental
equations
nanofluids
in
Cartesian
coordinates
into
non-dimensional
equations.
utilize
Galerkin
finite
element
method
to
solve
governing
This
study
comprehensively
explores
transfer
nanofluids,
considering
essential
parameters
relevant
problem.
results
highlight
remarkable
observation,
ferric
exhibits
significantly
enhanced
compared
conventional
fluid.
precise
positioning
configuration
represents
critical
phenomenon
that
substantially
improves
rates
nanofluid.
three
cusped
hypocycloids
positioned
on
perpendicular
horizontal
axis
result
surpasses
other
configurations
numbers
studied
analysis.
Notably,
discernible
increase
with
nanoparticle
volume
fraction
(maximum
3vol%),
it
declines
diameter.
intricate
relationship
diameter,
fraction,
number,
influences
friction
factor
particle-surface
interactions.
As
number
cusps
surface
increases,
velocity
magnitude,
Nusselt
concentration
profiles
near
boundary
layer
decrease,
fluctuations
middle
indicate
combined
influence
dispersion
formation
due
orientation
hypocycloidal
cusps.
Furthermore,
particle
diameter
sharpness
corners
lead
proportional
resistance
annulus.
