Catalysts,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(11), P. 753 - 753
Published: Oct. 26, 2024
The
swift
exhaustion
of
natural
oil
reserves
and
worsening
environmental
issues
have
prompted
the
quest
for
an
economical
method
to
produce
biofuels.
superiority
heterogeneous
catalysis
promotes
development
bio-based
catalysts.
Carbon
materials
prepared
from
agricultural
forestry
biomass
waste
good
application
prospects
in
catalysis.
In
present
study,
Xanthoceras
sorbifolia
shell
was
used
as
raw
material,
Bunge
(XC)
catalyst
carrier,
K2CO3
activator
prepare
a
(KXC).
characterized
by
scanning
electron
microscopy-energy
dispersion
X-ray
spectroscopy
(SEM-EDS),
Fourier-transform
infrared
(FTIR),
thermogravimetric
analysis
(TGA),
diffraction
(XRD),
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET)
photoelectron
(XPS)
techniques
evaluate
its
chemical
composition,
structure,
physical
morphology.
EDS
XPS
revealed
presence
K
metal,
which
provided
alkaline
site
transesterification
reaction
biodiesel.
biodiesel
yield
observed
gas
chromatography−mass
spectrometry
(GCMS).
Under
conditions
methanol-to-oil
molar
ratio
12:1,
time
90
min,
temperature
65
°C,
loading
4
wt.%
using
25KXC-600-4,
can
reach
95.13
±
0.82%.
After
being
repeated
five
times,
still
58.11
3.80%.
has
no
generation,
characteristics
simple
preparation
friendliness,
make
it
green
production.
Results in Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22, P. 102005 - 102005
Published: March 16, 2024
Using
biomass-based
catalysts
in
biodiesel
production
can
make
the
process
more
economical
and
environmentally
friendly.
In
this
study,
a
new
magnetic
nanocatalyst
was
developed
using
banana
peel
biochar,
ZIF-67,
Fe3O4,
K2CO3,
then
utilized
catalytic
transesterification
to
convert
waste
cooking
oils
(WCO)
into
biodiesel.
The
level
of
free
fatty
acids
treated
WCO
(WCOT)
reduced
generate
with
suitable
characteristics.
physicochemical
aspects
were
characterized
by
Fourier-transform
infrared
spectroscopy
(FTIR),
vibrating
sample
magnetometer
(VSM),
X-ray
diffraction
(XRD),
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM),
energy
dispersive
(EDX)
map
techniques.
process,
effect
temperature,
methanol-to-oil
ratio,
time,
weight
on
potential
produce
from
WCOT
explored.
highest
yield
(96.82%)
(99.18%)
attained
at
65
°C,
3
wt
%,
ratio
19:1,
processing
time
h,
mixing
rate
600
rpm.
Based
thermodynamic
studies,
endothermic
non-spontaneous.
regeneration
studied
various
solvents
n-hexane
had
good
ability
recover
catalyst
(90%
up
5
stages).
results
1H
NMR
test
revealed
that
desired
high
WCOT.
properties
produced
met
ASTM
D6751
EN
14214
standards.
RSC Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(9), P. 7050 - 7068
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
This
study
investigates
the
use
of
bean
husks
as
a
precursor
for
synthesis
an
efficient
and
regenerable
catalyst,
with
aim
offering
economical
sustainable
alternative
biodiesel
production.
Residual
shell
biomass
(RBBH)
was
calcined
at
different
temperatures
(350-500
°C)
times
(1-4
h)
to
determine
optimum
conditions.
The
catalyst
obtained
characterized
by
various
methods,
such
X-ray
Diffraction
(XRD),
Fourier
Transform
Infrared
Spectroscopy
(FT-IR),
Scanning
Electron
Microscopy
(SEM),
Energy
Dispersive
(EDS)
Thermogravimetric
Analysis
(TG/DTG).
results
showed
that
contains
metal
oxides
carbonates
active
sites.
In
addition,
influence
reaction
conditions
evaluated
in
ranges
temperature
(60-120
°C),
time
(0.5-2.5
h),
MeOH
:
oil
molar
ratio
(12
1-28
1)
concentration
(2-10%
weight).
maximum
ester
content
(97.6%)
achieved
120
°C,
2
h,
20
1
8%
catalyst.
After
partial
deactivation
solid
it
regenerated
KOH,
yielding
biodiesels
over
75%
three
consecutive
cycles,
demonstrating
its
efficiency
potential
continuous
use.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: July 22, 2024
Abstract
Today,
high-energy
applications
are
devoted
to
boosting
the
storage
performance
of
asymmetric
supercapacitors.
Importantly,
negative
electrodes
is
a
crucial
topic.
Fe
3
O
4
-based
active
materials
display
promising
theoretical
as
electrode.
Thus,
get
high
,
it
must
be
tailored
have
higher
ionic
and
electronic
conductivity
outstanding
stability.
Functionalized
graphite
felt
(GF)
an
excellent
candidate
for
tailoring
with
facile
pathway.
However,
steps
functionalization
GF
complex
time-consuming
well
energy
loss
during
this
step.
in-situ
surface
throughout
synthesis
proposed
herein.
electrodeposited
at
functionalized
crystalline
nanowires-like
structure
revealed
from
various
analyses;
SEM,
TEM,
Mapping
EDX,
XPS,
XRD,
wettability
test,
Raman
analysis.
Advantageously,
synthetic
approach
introduces
full
homogeneous
uniform
coverage
large
area
GF.
nanowires
characterized
by
performance.
Interestingly,
/GF
possesses
specific
capacity
1418
mC
cm
−2
potential
scan
rate
10
mV
s
−1
value
retained
54%
50
extended
window
1.45
V.
Remarkably,
diffusion-controlled
reaction
main
contributor
electrode
mechanistic
studies.
Energies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(17), P. 4418 - 4418
Published: Sept. 3, 2024
Biomass
diesel
is
one
of
the
sustainable
and
renewable
sources
energy
envisaged
to
hold
a
prominent
position
in
world
infrastructure.
In
this
study,
biodiesel
was
produced
from
baobab
seed
oil
by
transesterification
using
biogenic
heterogeneous
catalyst,
derived
mixed
wastes
white
chicken
eggshells
banana
fruit
peels.
The
production
process
statistically
analyzed
Box-Behnken
Design-Response
Surface
Methodology
(BBD-RSM).
influential
reaction
parameters
investigated
with
their
ranges
include
time
(40–80
min),
molar
ratio
methanol
(1:9–1:15)
catalyst
weight
(3–5
wt%).
nano-catalyst
(CaO-BFP-850
NPs)
prepared
calcination
at
high
temperature
850
°C
for
4
h,
its
properties
were
found
contain
majorly
basic
elements
Ca
K
when
analytical
instruments
such
as
SEM,
EDS,
DSC-TGA,
FT-IR,
XRD.
regeneration
test
CaO-BFP-850
NPs
conducted
showed
it
could
be
reused
more
than
four
cycles
less
catalytic
efficiency
reduction.
ideal
conditions
instituted
BBD-RSM
75
min
time,
12.8:1
methanol,
4.08
wt%
65
650
rpm
constant
agitation
speed
respectively,
validated
yield
96.70
wt%.
assessment
quality
compliance
standard
specifications
ASTM
D6751,
EN
14241,
SANS
833.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(21), P. 20169 - 20195
Published: Oct. 14, 2024
Owing
to
the
worldwide
concentration
on
energy
security,
a
recent
trend
of
mix
is
adopted
by
gradually
replacing
fossil
fuels
with
other
renewable
sources.
Biodiesel
has
emerged
as
promising
candidate.
It
renewable,
nontoxic,
and
biodegradable
can
be
suitable
choice
for
undertaking
this
issue.
produced
via
various
procedures,
e.g.,
dilution,
microemulsion,
pyrolysis,
transesterification.
The
latter
most
utilized
procedure
given
its
effectiveness
in
which
vegetable
oils
or
animal
fats
short-chain
alcohols
are
allowed
react
presence
catalyst.
Different
oil
feedstocks
identified
including
edible,
nonedible,
algae-based
biomass
resources.
Conventionally,
homogeneous
catalysts
generalized
biodiesel
production
because
their
high
catalytic
activity
low
cost,
albeit,
due
wastewater
generation
during
purification
process
product,
separation
problems,
soap
production,
heterogeneous
have
overcome
problems
facing
system.
Of
these,
magnetic
nanomaterials
magnetite
spinel
ferrites
introduced.
A
literature
survey
comprehended
review
concerning
nanocatalysts,
preparation
methods,
applications.
economic
lookout
portrayed
using
future
vision.
Besides,
biodiesel's
physicochemical
properties
kinematic
viscosity,
density,
cetane
number,
flash,
pour,
cloud
points
reviewed
commercial
utilization.