Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycled by Catalytic Glycolysis: A Bridge toward Circular Economy Principles

Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 2991 - 2991

Published: June 18, 2024

Plastic pollution has escalated into a critical global issue, with production soaring from 2 million metric tons in 1950 to 400.3 2022. The packaging industry alone accounts for nearly 44% of this production, predominantly utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alarmingly, over 90% the approximately 1 PET bottles sold every minute end up landfills or oceans, where they can persist centuries. This highlights urgent need sustainable management and recycling solutions mitigate environmental impact waste. To better understand PET's behavior promote its within circular economy, we examined chemical physical properties, current strategies most effective methods available today. Advancing economy framework by closing industrial loops demonstrated benefits such as reduced landfill waste, minimized energy consumption, conserved raw resources. end, identified various based on R-imperatives (ranging 3R 10R), focusing latest approaches aimed at significantly reducing waste 2040. Additionally, comparison (including primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary recycling, along concepts "zero-order" biological techniques) was envisaged. Particular attention paid heterogeneous catalytic glycolysis, which stands out rapid reaction time (20-60 min), high monomer yields (>90%), ease catalyst recovery reuse, lower costs, enhanced durability. Accordingly, use highly efficient oxide-based catalysts glycolytic degradation is underscored promising solution large-scale applications.

Language: Английский

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The Current Situation of the Legislative Gap on Microplastics (MPs) as New Pollutants for the Environment

Water Air & Soil Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 235(12)

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Kinetic and Modeling Study of Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) Hydrolysis Reaction Network

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(47), P. 20520 - 20530

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

This study investigates the kinetics of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) hydrolysis catalyzed by Sb2O3, aiming to optimize chemical recycling process polyethylene (PET) since BHET can be obtained from glycolysis PET. The leads a network reactions, including hydrolysis, esterification, condensation, transesterification, and dimerization. reactions were conducted at different temperatures (160–200 °C) initial water concentrations (2.5–12.5 wt %). Results demonstrated that higher significantly enhance efficiency, as indicated increased carboxyl end groups (CEG) values. employed mass balance equations nonlinear regression analysis estimate kinetic thermodynamic parameters. model was tested via experimental data, showing deviations within ±20%. comprehensive provides insights into optimizing conditions maximize yield hydrolyzed BHET, facilitating subsequent polycondensation produce high-quality recycled PET (r-PET).

Language: Английский

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Sustainable management of polyethylene terephthalate waste flow using a fuzzy frank weighted assessment model

Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 109254 - 109254

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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