The
growing
issue
of
electronic
waste
(E-waste),
driven
by
the
exponential
growth
in
device
usage,
presents
significant
environmental
and
economic
challenges.
E-waste
production
has
surged,
increasing
∼2
million
metric
tonnes
(Mt)
annually,
reaching
60
Mt
2023,
with
projections
suggesting
it
will
exceed
70
2030.
Despite
China,
United
States,
India
being
top
producers,
their
recycling
rates
remain
critically
low
at
16%,
15%,
1%,
respectively.
contains
valuable
metals,
such
as
gold
(Au),
silver
(Ag),
copper
(Cu),
which
comprise
∼60%
its
composition.
However,
only
17.4%
global
was
appropriately
recycled
2023.
This
Review
discusses
latest
data
on
E-waste,
evaluates
current
metal
recovery
methods,
emphasizes
urgency
sustainable
solutions
to
mitigate
hazards
promote
a
circular
economy.
paper
also
covers
case
studies
highlighting
challenges
potential
strategies
for
enhancing
efficiency,
contributing
significantly
sustainability
efforts
management.
