International Journal of Phytoremediation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13
Published: May 2, 2025
The aim was to evaluate the performance of two hybrid constructed wetlands (HCW) for treatment a dairy wastewater at pilot-scale. HCW1 composed vertical flow (VF) and horizontal subsurface (HSSF) wetland units while HCW2 VF free water surface (FWS) units. Wastewater, plants, sediment samples were collected removal efficiency nutrient accumulation in plant tissues sediment. Kinetics evaluated using volumetric rate (k). COD BOD decrease significantly higher than HCW2, due chemical oxidation prevails stages biological processes second stage HCW1, leading organic matter removal. Total nitrogen (TN) comparable HCW configurations. Nitrogen compounds interconversions favored HSSF conditions biomass values HCW2. Phosphorus FWS. k showed that kinetically favored. main strengths Org-N NO3--N removals, but weakness NH4+-N under limited nitrification conditions. efficient interconversions, efficiencies
Language: Английский