Paneth Cells: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role, Prevalence and Molecular Mechanisms in Colorectal Neoplastic Lesions

Romanian Journal of Military Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 128(2), P. 166 - 170

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Paneth cells (PCs) are specialized epithelial located at the base of crypts Lieberkühn in small intestine and colon, that have been occasionally identified colorectal adenomas adenocarcinomas. Their presence these lesions has raised questions regarding their role neoplasia potential association with adenoma burden. To understand carcinogenesis, we conducted an extensive review available literature on PubMed, focusing occurrence, molecular mechanisms, implications neoplastic colorectum. This synthesizes current findings discusses as diagnostic biomarkers therapeutic targets cancer.

Language: Английский

Iturin A Potentiates Differentiation of Intestinal Epithelial Defense Cells by Modulating Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling to Mitigate Oxidative Damage Induced by Heat-Stable Enterotoxin B

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 478 - 478

Published: April 16, 2025

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) maintain epithelial renewal through their proliferation and differentiation capabilities, responding to various intestinal insults. However, the impact of iturin A, a natural antimicrobial peptide, on ISC viability its potential mitigate heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb)-induced damage remains unclear. Our recent study demonstrated that oral administration A enhances tight junction protein expression, accelerates crypt-villus regeneration, restores barrier integrity in STb-exposed mice. Furthermore, promotes differentiation, significantly increasing numbers goblet Paneth jejunum following STb exposure. Notably, regulates homeostasis by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), while elevating total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels both serum jejunal mucosa. Mechanistically, facilitates nuclear factor-erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) release disrupting Kelch-like ECH-associated 1 (Keap1), leading upregulation enzyme 4 (GPX4). In conclusion, our findings indicate alleviates oxidative stress induced modulation Keap1/Nrf2 pathway into cells, thereby enhancing resistance STb-induced damage.

Language: Английский

Mucosal Immunity: Lessons from the Lower Respiratory and Small Intestinal Epithelia

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1052 - 1052

Published: April 26, 2025

Mucosal epithelia represent a diverse group of tissues that function as barrier against the external environment and exert wide variety tissue-specific secondary functions. This review focuses on lower respiratory tract small intestinal epithelia, which serve two distinct sites within body with respect to their physiological provides an overview physiology, including both mechanical defense systems, immune responses, allow tolerate commensal organisms while mounting response potential pathogens. By highlighting commonalities differences across tissue types, opportunities learn from these emerge, can inform development novel therapeutic strategies harness unique properties mucosal epithelia.

Language: Английский