Regulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts for enhanced cancer immunotherapy using advanced functional nanomedicines: an updated review

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that plays critical role in cancer progression. It comprises various cell types, including immune cells, stromal cells. Among these, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent heterogeneous population with diverse origins, phenotypes, functions. Activated CAFs secrete multiple factors promote growth, migration, angiogenesis, contribute to chemoresistance. Additionally, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen, which form physical barrier hinders the penetration of chemotherapeutic immunotherapeutic agents. This ECM also influences infiltration, impeding their ability effectively target As result, modulating activity has emerged promising strategy enhance efficacy immunotherapy. Nano-delivery systems, constructed from nanomaterials high targeting specificity biocompatibility, offer compelling approach deliver therapeutic agents or immunomodulatory directly CAFs. modulation can alter CAF function, reduce tumor-promoting effects, thereby improve outcomes review provides an in-depth exploration functions, interactions within TME, particularly context suppression. Furthermore, it discusses potential applications functional nanocarrifers enhancing effectiveness immunotherapy, highlighting significant progress nanotechnology this area.

Language: Английский

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Biomaterials to regulate tumor extracellular matrix in immunotherapy

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 376, P. 149 - 166

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy: targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts

Cancer Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Emphasizing the significance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), non-malignant yet pivotal players within tumor microenvironment (TME), this review illuminates role inflammatory subtype (iCAF) as catalysts in cancer proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Given their paramount importance, targeting CAFs emerges a robust strategy evolving landscape immunotherapy. Nanomaterials, distinguished by unique features malleability, hold considerable promise biomedicine, especially precision-oriented domain therapy. Their aptitude for modulating immune responses, amplifying drug efficacy through precise delivery, discerningly focusing on cells TME situates nanomaterials formidable tools to transcend boundaries set conventional treatments. This scrutinizes convoluted interplay among CAFs, cells, TME. It further showcases widely utilized management. We underscore potential nanoscale delivery systems directed at underscoring transformative power revolutionizing therapies, enhancing precision, culminating improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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TREM2 scFv‐Engineering Escherichia coli Displaying Modulation of Macrophages to Boost Cancer Radio‐Immunotherapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Abstract Preoperative neoadjuvant radio‐chemotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of low rectal cancer, yet its effectiveness can be limited by insensitivity some patients, profoundly impacting their quality life. Through preliminary research, it found that TREM2 + macrophages play pivotal role non‐responsiveness to immunotherapy. To address this challenge, novel ionizing radiation‐responsive delivery system developed for precise expression anti‐TREM2 single‐chain antibody fragments (scFv) using an engineered probiotic, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), modulate The released scFv precisely targeted and delivered tumor site via EcN outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), thereby reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment enhancing therapeutic efficiency when used combination with αPD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. Additionally, these bacteria further modified enhance intestinal colonization capabilities through oral administration, regulating gut microbiota metabolic byproducts. Consequently, drug based on not only introduces promising new option cancer but also showcases potential finely tune responses within intricate microenvironment, paving way innovative strategies radio‐immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cells Solid Tumor Immunotherapy Assisted by Biomaterials Tools

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immune cell therapies have revolutionized oncology, particularly in hematological malignancies, yet their efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to challenges such as dense stromal barriers and immunosuppressive microenvironments. With advancements nanobiotechnology, researchers developed various strategies methods enhance the CAR tumor treatment. In this Review, we first outline structure mechanism of CAR-T (T, T cell), CAR-NK (NK, natural killer), CAR-M (M, macrophage) deeply analyze potential these cells treatment they face. Next, explore how biomaterials can optimize treatments by improving microenvironment, controlling release, promoting infiltration, enhancing efficacy. Finally, summarize current solutions, emphasize effective combination therapy, look forward its future clinical application strategies. This Review provides important theoretical perspectives practical guidance for development more

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the microbial influence: bacteria’s dual role in tumor metastasis

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 14, 2025

As cancer research advances, the intricate relationship between microbiome and is gaining heightened recognition, especially concerning tumor metastasis, where bacterial involvement becomes increasingly complex. This review seeks to systematically examine dual roles of bacteria in metastasis process, encompassing both mechanisms that facilitate inhibitory effects exerted by specific microorganisms. We explore through which influence cell migration inducing chronic inflammation, evading host immune responses, remodeling ECM. Moreover, immunomodulatory potential probiotics genetically engineered offers promising prospects for prevention treatment metastasis. article elucidates complexity emerging frontiers examining clinical significance as biomarkers evaluating antibiotic usage on metastatic process. posit comprehending biological characteristics bacteria, a critical component microenvironment, will offer innovative strategies theoretical foundations treatment. Furthermore, this explores future directions, including application technologies bacteria-based therapeutic strategies, thereby offering valuable perspective development novel anti-cancer approaches.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Spatiotemporal Manipulation of Engineered Bacteria for Precision Cancer Therapy

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 5859 - 5872

Published: May 1, 2025

Solid tumours possess a hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment, presenting significant challenge to anticancer treatments. Certain anaerobic microorganisms thrive in this setting, rendering them promising candidates for targeted antitumour therapy delivery. In contrast traditional nanodrug delivery systems, bacterial-based drug systems can be engineered produce secrete therapeutics without the need intricate post-purification or protective methods. Nevertheless, bacteria potentially migrate beyond their intended niche, causing off-target release substantial toxicity healthy tissues. Consequently, enhance effectiveness of cancer treatments while minimizing side effects, it is essential precisely manipulate accurate controlled directly tumour site. This achieved by employing inducible repressible that allow precise regulation gene expression at specific times locations. Ideally, engineering capable rapidly transitioning between "on" "off" states as required will enable recognize react stimuli. While various techniques such optical, magnetic, acoustic, hyperbaric oxygen micromanipulation have been developed manipulation particles cells, each technique boasts its unique set pros cons. review article provides an updated overview recent progress spatiotemporal control via these methods discusses benefits constraints approach.

Language: Английский

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Controlled Self‐Destructive Engineered Bacteria for Effective Immuno‐Photodynamic Therapy Against Melanoma

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2025

Abstract The super aggressive and metastasizing nature of melanoma urgently calls for effective therapeutic scenarios. Recent advances in biohybrids comprising bacteria chemical substances have demonstrated significant merits treating cancer by attribute complementation. Here, through bioorthogonal chemistry, the developed photosensitizer (IN) is covalently anchored onto surface an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain (VNP) engineered with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)‐encoding plasmid, creating controlled self‐destructive (VNP‐mPD‐1@IN). After intravenous injection into B16F10 melanoma‐bearing mice, VNP‐mPD‐1@IN specifically accumulates within tumor mediated hypoxic tropism VNP, encoding PD‐1 cells simultaneously triggering partial apoptosis due to self‐cytotoxicity VNP. Once excited long‐wavelength photons, IN on efficiently generates reactive oxygen species, which not only induces cells, but also triggers bacterial self‐destruction eliminate potential biosafety concerns. leads considerable immunogenic reprogram immune environment, powered PD‐1‐mediated checkpoint blockage. As a result, immuno‐photodynamic therapy realized suppress growth primary distant tumors as well prevent their metastasis. This study sheds light remolding therapy.

Language: Английский

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Engineered Bacteria-Mediated Delivery of Scorpion Venom Peptide AGAP for Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy

Current Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 82(7)

Published: June 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bacterial and bacterial derivatives-based drug delivery systems: a novel approach for treating central nervous system disorders

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 17, 2024

Bacteria and their derivatives show great potential as drug delivery systems due to unique chemotaxis, biocompatibility, targeting abilities. In CNS disease treatment, bacterial carriers can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) deliver drugs precisely, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, nanotechnology have transformed these into multifunctional platforms for personalized treatment.

Language: Английский

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