Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
53(13), P. 7234 - 7264
Published: June 3, 2019
Antibiotics,
the
most
frequently
prescribed
drugs
of
modern
medicine,
are
extensively
used
for
both
human
and
veterinary
applications.
Antibiotics
from
different
wastewater
sources
(e.g.,
municipal,
hospitals,
animal
production,
pharmaceutical
industries)
ultimately
discharged
into
treatment
plants.
Sorption
biodegradation
two
major
removal
pathways
antibiotics
during
biological
processes.
This
review
provides
fundamental
insights
sorption
mechanisms
classes
with
diverse
physical–chemical
attributes.
Important
factors
affecting
behavior
also
highlighted.
Furthermore,
this
sheds
light
on
critical
role
extracellular
polymeric
substances
adsorption
their
in
engineered
systems.
Despite
advancements,
systems
only
moderately
effective
(48–77%)
antibiotics.
In
review,
we
systematically
summarize
various
discussion
efficiency,
mechanisms,
bioreactor
operating
conditions
removal,
recent
innovative
advancements.
Besides,
relevant
background
information
including
classification,
properties,
occurrence
environment
is
briefly
covered.
aims
to
advance
our
understanding
fate
outlines
future
research
directions.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 266 - 266
Published: Dec. 29, 2019
Urban
water
systems
and,
in
particular,
wastewater
treatment
facilities
are
among
the
major
energy
consumers
at
municipal
level
worldwide.
Estimates
indicate
that
on
average
these
alone
may
require
about
1%
to
3%
of
total
electric
output
a
country,
representing
significant
fraction
bills.
Specific
power
consumption
state-of-the-art
should
range
between
20
and
45
kWh
per
population-equivalent
served,
year,
even
though
older
plants
have
higher
demands.
This
figure
does
not
include
conveyance
(pumping)
residues
post-processing.
On
other
hand,
its
byproducts
contain
different
forms:
chemical,
thermal
potential.
Until
very
recently,
only
form
recovery
from
most
consisted
anaerobic
post-digestion
process
residuals
(waste
sludge),
by
which
chemical
methane
is
obtained
as
biogas,
amounts
generally
sufficient
cover
half
plant
requirements.
Implementation
new
technologies
allow
more
efficient
strategies
savings
sewage
treatment.
Besides
valorization
exploitation
contents,
closure
cycle
content
could
additional
increased
greenhouse
emissions
abatement.
