Microbial mechanisms for improved soil phosphorus mobilization in monoculture conifer plantations by mixing with broadleaved trees

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 359, P. 120955 - 120955

Published: April 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Drivers of tree regeneration in coniferous monocultures during conversion to mixed forests in Central Europe – Implications for forest restoration management

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100244 - 100244

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In Central Europe, anthropogenic coniferous monocultures have been subject to conversion more diverse mixed forests since the 1990s, however, they are still abundant across many forest landscapes. Artificial and natural tree regeneration both play a key role during by determining species composition structure of future forests. Many abiotic biotic factors can potentially influence process its specific combinations or interactions may be different among developmental stages. Here, we aimed identify quantify effect most important drivers on density regenerating (i.e., Norway spruce European beech), as well structural diversity regeneration. We studied in four former monospecific stand types spruce, Scots pine, larch, Douglas fir) Southwest Germany that under 1990s. sampled growth height classes together with variety influencing 108 sampling plots applied multivariate analyses. identified light availability understorey, attributes, browsing pressure, diaspore source abundance for Particularly, revealed species-specific differences density. While profited from increasing decreasing basal area, beech benefited either small reduction strikingly an increase overstorey Increasing positively high pressure negatively affected equally. Our results suggest humus topsoil properties were modified conversion, probably due changes silvicultural activities. The benefitted availability, low moderate pressure. conclude managers carefully equilibrate regulation cover, fulfil objectives i.e., establishing safeguarding promote development mature future.

Language: Английский

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A 50-year perspective on conservation challenges and legacy effects in temperate Patagonian forests

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 306, P. 111124 - 111124

Published: April 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Diversification of coniferous monocultures in the last 30 years and implications for forest restoration: a case study from temperate lower montane forests in Central Europe

European Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 142(6), P. 1353 - 1368

Published: July 16, 2023

Abstract Planted monocultures of even-aged coniferous tree species are abundant worldwide but increasingly damaged by biotic and abiotic stressors disturbances. In Central Europe, a fundamental goal ecologically oriented forest management is thus the conversion pure often stands into structurally more diverse mixed broad-leaved forests. This achieved single-tree selection resulting in small canopy openings that promote artificial or natural regeneration. Consequently, aims at altering stand structure communities. order to describe status quo derive implications for management, we investigated changes composition Bavarian Spessart mountains southwest Germany. We conducted resurvey 108 semi-permanent plots four different types Norway spruce, Scots pine, Douglas fir, European larch about 30 years after initial survey. found significant differences stratification cover respective layers between two sampling periods indicated an increase structural heterogeneity. While richness overstorey remained constant, diversity shrub lower layer increased significantly. Regenerating “winner” included late-successional (e.g., beech, sessile oak), pioneer silver birch, rowan) shade-tolerant fir) species. Although spruce was significantly reduced overstorey, it regenerated parts extensively understorey. conclude overall successful terms diversifying Its effects are, though, still emerging transitional phase. Besides preferred regeneration target species, may consider active measures guide facilitated community previously towards maturity.

Language: Английский

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Three decades of understorey vegetation change in Quercus‐dominated forests as a result of increasing canopy mortality and global change symptoms

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(6)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Questions The long‐term response of understorey vegetation to increasing tree mortality has rarely been addressed in resurvey studies. For two Quercus ‐dominated forest types, we asked: (a) How did overstorey alterations, induced by canopy mortality, affect diversity and composition? (b) Is there a signal global change effects on communities? (c) Are these assemblages experiencing homogenization process? Location Five sites robur (QR) four Q. petraea (QP) forests, Slovenia. Methods We studied changes vascular plants the layer from 1992/1993 2023 across 45 permanent 20 m × plots QR QP respectively. Vegetation surveys were carried out following standard Braun‐Blanquet method. compared original with recent resurveys using multivariate analysis, ecological indicator values (EIV), plant traits methods that quantify individual species. Results Since early 1990s, cover decreased 95% an average 55% QR, whereas it remained relatively high (77%) plots. This resulted denser significant increase plot‐level species richness but slight decrease forests. extensive loss disturbance forests caused composition. Species turnover was driven colonization new disturbance‐tolerant taxa characterized ruderal traits, compositional shift greater extent due losses. detected process thermophilization (increase EIV‐temperature), suggesting effect rapid climatic warming. Understorey communities are now more similar each other than 30 years ago, indicating beta‐diversity (floristic homogenization). Conclusions Despite some common trends, responses type‐specific. Our study presents evidence triggered increased (a strong local driver particularly plots) also points symptoms (thermophilization, homogenization), which acted rather independently observed decline cover.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of changes in the structure of the forest ecosystems for example sanitary woody plantations in the Steppe Dnipro

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1415(1), P. 012048 - 012048

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Abstract The main acceleration of climatic changes is considered to be the consequences existing anthropogenic influences and transformations in wood ecosystems Steppe Dnipro industrial areas. Now, preparation science-based programs for restoration development artificial tree plantations, which can increase stability diversity forest steppe zone under these conditions, very important. However, shrub plantations are formed according certain natural laws. It necessary urgent study current state phytodiversity ensure effective protection biodiversity, implement nature conservation management on this basis, including expansion areas reserves. purpose research work was assess structure woody using example dust-protection water-protection sanitary plantations. Modern ecotopes region Ukraine, quite specific, primarily due combination landscapes territories. Depending ecological location territory taking into account vitality indicators further vectors progress or regression possible. Hence, there an need biometric Kryvyi Rih district’s different growth conditions. carried out will become basis directions preservation reproduction territory, make it possible plan biological trees districts. identifying features local guarantee rare species from various lists. also contribute provision ecosystem services by natural, spontaneous Middle region. received recommendations form complex measures preserve restore stable district, located steep slopes mine dumps rafter-beam systems near rivers water reservoirs Steppe.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the distribution pattern of native and alien forests and their woody species diversity in a small Mediterranean city

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: Oct. 26, 2024

Recent studies have explored the ecological relationship between native urban forests and self-sown non-native in large cities metropolises but further research efforts dedicated to analyzing this small are still needed. To improve our understanding of ecology alien Mediterranean cities, we analyzed woody species richness, community-weight mean moisture nitrogen indicators, soil disturbance indicators main wood types city Campobasso (Italy), as well their spatial distribution pattern across a gradient cover aggregation green areas. The study showed that both oak Robinia pseudoacacia contributed maintenance richness. If exclude riparian environment, R. occupied marginal patches, tolerating high frequency, thus occupying habitats where could not grow. Conversely, shared niche with forests, which calls for action prevent spread along river banks. Our results highlighted remnant should be considered important assets planning upkeep

Language: Английский

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Floristic Diversity and Green-Tree Retention in Intensively Managed Temperate Forests: A Case Study in Puebla, Mexico

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 920 - 920

Published: May 25, 2024

Clearcutting has tended to simplify forest structure and species composition, with potential negative consequences for biodiversity. Retention forestry emerged as an alternative minimize this concern in intensively managed forests. In central Mexico, approach was first implemented a decade ago temperate forests, but examination of its effects on floristic diversity composition is non-existent. We evaluated compared richness, diversity, among harvested, retention, conserved areas conifer-dominated various parametric non-parametric analyses. Species’ ecological structural importance also evaluated. recorded 138 species, 95 genera, 44 families plants. Harvested listed the most (99) herb dominance, tree homogeneity, highest number exotics. areas’ similar, presence epiphytes terrestrial orchids, considered indicators conservation. The retention rare endangered heterogeneity, juveniles Conserved showed greater mature elements exclusive though there smaller (75). demonstrated that achieving goal by maintaining elements, habitats, plant forests analyzed.

Language: Английский

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Changes in the Composition of Soil Organic Matter after the Transformation of Natural Beech Stands into Spruce Monoculture

Soil Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 74 - 74

Published: July 3, 2024

The composition of soil organic matter is considered to have a key influence on C sequestration and global climate change can be associated with changes in vegetation cover the terrestrial ecosystem. Our study aimed evaluate chemical structures various components from available or reactive more stable forms forest soils affected by acidification after conversion fairly close natural beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands spruce (Picea abies) monoculture. results revealed that had higher contents dissolved carbon low molecular mass acid compared stands. aliphatic CH groups within soluble alkaline-extractable substance (AEOS) gradually disappeared deeper horizons under both species, while presence low-solubility AEOS was pronounced A horizon relatively increased depth carboxylic were prevalent horizons, polysaccharide chains nitrogen functional decreased but than These findings suggest stability through profiles due transformation compounds litter amounts lignin greater aromatic horizons. Furthermore, number mobile acids, together lower pH cation exchange capacity spruce, resulted leaching nutrients, releasing risk elements into solution accelerating podzolization process.

Language: Английский

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Tree species identity affects soil P bioavailability by altering labile organic P after tree mixing in subtropical China

European Journal of Soil Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(5)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Abstract Converting monocultures to mixed plantations has been emphasized improve ecosystem productivity and services. However, the impact of tree species identity on phosphorus (P) bioavailability in acidic soils subtropical China, where P is relatively scarce, not fully understood. This study explored changes soil biologically‐based fractions effect mineral microbial properties transformation after mixing five broadleaved trees ( Bretschneidera sinensis, Manglietia conifera, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Michelia maudiae Camellia oleifera ) individually with coniferous Pinus massoniana ). The results showed that most significantly increased pH citric acid decreased exchangeable Fe 3+ Al activation oxides compared monospecific plantations, which reduced precipitation adsorption. Mixed planting phosphatase activity altered community composition P‐mobilizing bacteria carrying phoD pqqC genes, contributed organic mineralization inorganic (Pi) desorption. biomass relative rate turnover. Labile (Enzyme‐P) was a potentially significant source soluble Pi (CaCl 2 ‐P) among fractions, plus P. Overall, introducing species, especially (e.g. japonicum , high litter quality belowground secretions acid, phosphatase), solubilization recalcitrant (HCl‐P), desorption chemisorbed (Citrate‐P) accumulation Enzyme‐P, thereby increasing available pools. Redundancy analysis demonstrated were mainly driven by phosphatases, cations, floor fresh lignin/N acid. Altogether, we highlight importance choosing mixtures have synergistic or complementary effects when constructing order alleviate limitations.

Language: Английский

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