Sulfamethoxazole
is
an
antibiotic
that
among
the
drugs
most
frequently
found
in
waters
around
world
because
of
its
habitual
consumption
and
high
chemical
stability
prevents
it
from
being
eliminated
environment.
In
this
study,
electroanalytical
methodology
based
on
differential
pulse
voltammetry
developed
for
analysis
sulfamethoxazole
at
trace
levels
water.
After
optimization
instrumental
parameters
a
linear
range
6.59
to
96.27
µM
was
with
limits
detection
quantification
1.98
µM,
respectively,
RSD
below
6%.
Moreover,
several
validation
studies
involving
different
pH
values,
water
samples
instrumentation
were
performed
order
ensure
robustness
method.
For
purpose,
peak
area
used
as
quantitative
variable
since
not
affected
by
medium
even
if
there
any
modification
parameter
during
experiments.
Furthermore,
effect
other
drug
such
trimethoprim
analytical
signal
also
evaluated.
Once
method
tested
quality
control
Soltrim®,
obtaining
recoveries
between
98
102%.
Lastly,
voltammetric
applied
situ
monitoring
sulfamethoxazole's
removal
samples,
specifically
anodic
oxidation
electro-Fenton
treatments.
While
former
coupled
adsorption
process,
latter
carried
out
iron
sources
including
commercial
medicines
can
be
wastewater.
Although
proved
faster
considering
calculated
kobs,
turned
more
efficient
eliminating
drug,
achieving
disappearance
only
30
min
treatment.
Water Environment Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
97(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
Abstract
Traditionally,
the
removal
of
nitrogenous
pollutants
from
wastewater
relied
on
conventional
anaerobic
denitrification
as
well
aerobic
nitrification
and
anoxic
denitrification.
However,
is
complicated
since
it
requires
stringent
environmental
conditions
a
large
land,
therefore,
were
performed
in
two
separate
reactors.
Although
high
pollutant
efficiency
has
been
achieved
via
denitrification,
demerits
this
approach
include
operational
costs.
Other
traditional
nitrogen
methods
air
stripping,
reverse
osmosis,
adsorption,
ion
exchange,
chemical
precipitation,
advanced
oxidation
process,
breakpoint
chlorination.
Traditional
are
not
only
but
they
also
uneconomical
due
to
Researchers
have
discovered
that
can
be
carried
out
by
heterotrophic
nitrification‐aerobic
(HNAD)
microorganisms
which
remove
single
reactor
does
require
operating
conditions.
Despite
significant
effort
researchers
put
in,
there
still
little
information
known
about
mechanisms
antibiotic
during
HNAD.
This
review
begins
with
an
update
current
state
knowledge
antibiotics
The
HNAD
examined
detail.
Followed
by,
enhancement
co‐metabolism
sulfamethoxazole
(SMX)
response
microbial
communities
toxicity.
Lastly,
favorable
for
biodegradation
examined.
findings
show
SMX
main
mechanisms,
pathways
proposed
discussion.
research
indicated
potential
wastewater.
Understanding
helps
engineers
apply
technology
more
efficiently.
Practitioner
Points
Co‐metabolism
mechanisms.
Pathways
proposed.
Conditions
International Journal of Environmental Health Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 25
Published: June 23, 2024
Due
to
ongoing
developmental
projects,
there
is
a
need
for
regular
monitoring
of
the
impact
pollutants
on
environment.
This
review
documented
challenges
and
opportunities
in
field
environmental
health
sciences
some
African
countries.
A
systematic
was
used
investigate
science
Africa
by
examining
published
work
with
specific
focus
Africa.
The
reports
showed
that
funding
infrastructure
as
major
problems.
study
also
highlighted
recruiting
participants,
retention,
compensation
bane
absence
modern
equipment
hinders
research.
review,
however,
noted
research
collaboration
from
region
including
studies
emerging
such
pharmaceuticals,
per
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS),
microplastic
(MPs)
great
opportunities.
concluded
other
continents,
exchange
programs
improved
governmental
interventions
may
help.
