Reply on RC2 DOI Creative Commons
Patrick L. Hayes

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Abstract. Source apportionment of PM2.5 was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on detailed chemical composition data from 24-h filters collected over 3-months period (August–November 2020) at an urban site in Montréal, a Canadian city with population approximately 4 million people. This source study, which examined the main contributing sources to large suit organic molecular markers, is first its sort Canada. A focus this study quantifying previously unresolved through inclusion PMF analysis additional markers beyond those measured typically by government’s National Air Pollution Surveillance Program (NAPS). The species included model were namely, n-alkanes, hopane, fatty acids, dicarboxylic and biogenic secondary aerosols (SOA) tracers. Secondary inorganic (SIA) SOA dominant components constituted 39 % mass while local primary anthropogenic sources, namely traffic exhaust, road dust, industrial, cooking emissions contributed 23 %. transport GEOS-Chem revealed that ammonium sulfate concentrations Montréal are strongly influenced both Québec transboundary input United States, exceeding for SOA. Co Cr(VI) presented elevated cancer risk, highlighting more attention should be given these trace metals, associated industrial analysis. Furthermore, results showed minor contributors total mass, but largest concentrations. Thus, health hazards cannot entirely established concentration alone. highlights that, when evaluating air quality other regions, prioritization mitigations strategies will diverge if one considers or individual particulate-bound contaminants. contribution States levels suggests future municipal, provincial federal monitoring regulations would effective they specific high-risk contaminants (e.g., rather than PM2.5.

Language: Английский

Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Montréal, Canada, and health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements DOI Creative Commons
Nansi Fakhri, Robin Stevens, Arnold Downey

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1193 - 1212

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract. Source apportionment of PM2.5 was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on detailed chemical composition data from 24 h filter samples collected over a 3-month period (August–November 2020) at an urban site in Montréal, Canadian city with population approximately 4×106 people. This source study, which examined the main contributing sources to larger suite organic molecular markers than other studies, is first its sort Canada. A focus this study quantifying previously unresolved through inclusion PMF analysis additional beyond those measured typically by government's National Air Pollution Surveillance Program (NAPS). The species included model were comprised six n-alkanes, two fatty acids, one dicarboxylic acid, biogenic secondary aerosol (SOA) tracers, and hopane. Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs) SOAs dominant components constituted 39 % mass, while local primary anthropogenic sources, namely traffic exhaust, road dust, industrial, cooking emissions, contributed 23 %. transport GEOS-Chem revealed that ammonium sulfate concentrations Montréal are strongly influenced both Quebec transboundary input United States, exceeding emissions for SOA. Co Cr(VI) presented elevated cancer risk, highlighting more attention should be given these trace metals, associated industrial analysis. Furthermore, results showed minor contributors total mass concentration but largest concentrations. Thus, health hazards cannot entirely established alone. highlights that, when evaluating air quality regions, prioritization mitigation strategies will diverge if considers or individual particulate-bound contaminants. large contribution States levels suggests future municipal, provincial, federal monitoring regulations would effective they specific high-risk contaminants (e.g., rather PM2.5).

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Comparisons of Spatial and Temporal Variations in PM2.5-Bound Trace Elements in Urban and Rural Areas of South Korea, and Associated Potential Health Risks DOI Creative Commons
Jayant Nirmalkar,

Kwangyul Lee,

Junyoung Ahn

et al.

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 753 - 753

Published: April 21, 2023

PM2.5-bound trace elements were chosen for health risk assessment because they have been linked to an increased of respiratory and cardiovascular illness. Since the Korean national air quality standard ambient particulate matter is based on PM2.5 mass concentration, there only a few measurements particles together with that can be utilized evaluate their effects human health. Thus, this study describes bound in Seoul (urban area) Seosan (rural using online nondestructive energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis from December 2020 January 2021. At both sites, S, K, Si, Ca, Fe constituted most (~95%); major components such as soil (estimatedcalculatedcalculated oxides Fe, Ti) presumably anthropogenic crustal sources, well favorable meteorological conditions. During winter, synoptic meteorology favored transport severely contaminated regions, East Asian outflow local emissions. The total dry deposition flux was 894.5 ± 320.8 µg m−2 d−1 1088.8 302.4 Seosan. Moreover, potential risks estimated. Cancer values carcinogenic (Cr, As, Ni, Pb) within tolerable limit (1 × 10−6), suggesting adults children not at cancer throughout period Furthermore, exposure remaining carcinogens non-carcinogens (Cu, Zn, V, Mn, Se) indicated these posed no risks. Nevertheless, element monitoring, assessment, mitigation must strengthened area confirm trace-element-related remain harmless. Researchers policymakers use database spatial temporal variation establish actions plans future.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Identification and apportionment of local and long-range sources of PM2.5 in two East-Mediterranean sites DOI Open Access
Marc Fadel, Dominique Courcot,

Marianne Seigneur

et al.

Atmospheric Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 101622 - 101622

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Novel Isotopic Evidence Unveils Greater Contributions of Waste Incineration to PM2.5‐Bound Antimony in Two Mega‐Cities DOI Creative Commons
Chao Zhang,

Guangyi Sun,

Yunjie Wu

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 130(4)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract PM 2.5 ‐bound antimony (Sb) may threaten human health and sustainable development, necessitating accurate source identification for its effective control. This study pioneered the application of Sb isotope signatures to trace sources, presenting first isotopic fingerprints in urban . We selected two mega‐cities with contrasting profiles: more developed Wuhan central less Guiyang southwest China. Urban both cities exhibited an ε 123 value 1.84 ± 0.79‱, a distinct seasonal pattern, that is, heavier isotopes spring/winter lighter summer/autumn. Isotopic apportionment revealed waste incineration as predominant anthropogenic cites at 34.0–39.1%, despite their massive economic industrial differences. Brake wear emerged second major source, especially Wuhan, where vehicle ownership is greater, accounting 21.2%. Complementary analyses using enrichment factor, elemental ratios, positive matrix factorization modeling, backward trajectory analysis corroborated findings. offers novel approach identify unveiling brake contributors from new perspective.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Diesel Generator Exhaust Emissions: Chemical Characterization and Cytotoxicity in Bladder Spheroids DOI
Nansi Fakhri, Amani Yehya, Michelle El Kawak

et al.

Atmospheric Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102571 - 102571

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Source apportionment of PM2.5 using organic/inorganic markers and emission inventory evaluation in the East Mediterranean-Middle East city of Beirut DOI
Nansi Fakhri, Marc Fadel, Michael Pikridas

et al.

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 223, P. 115446 - 115446

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Assessing Lifetime Cancer Risk Associated with Population Exposure to PM-Bound PAHs and Carcinogenic Metals in Three Mid-Latitude Metropolitan Cities DOI Creative Commons
Mohammad Aldekheel,

Vahid Jalali Farahani,

Constantinos Sioutas

et al.

Toxics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 697 - 697

Published: Aug. 12, 2023

Lifetime cancer risk characterization of ambient PM-bound carcinogenic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in the cities Los Angeles (USA), Thessaloniki (Greece) Milan (Italy), which share similar Mediterranean climates but are different their urban emission sources governing air quality regulations. The samples mostly dominated by biomass burning activities whereas particles collected primary impacted traffic emissions. We analyzed PM2.5 mass concentration Cadmium (Cd), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), as well 13 PAH compounds PM samples, during both cold warm periods at each location. Pb exhibited highest annual average all three cities, followed Ni, As, Cr(VI), Cd PAHs, respectively. assessment based on outdoor pollutants was performed scenarios, with scenario corresponding to a level infiltration into indoor environment. high associated lifetime inhalation values range (0.97–1.57) × 10−6, (1.80–2.91) (0.77–1.25) calculated Milan, exceeding US EPA standard considerable margin, where exposure PAHs (1.29–2.08) (6.08–9.82) (1.10–1.77) In contrast, estimated risks metals, except extremely lower than guideline value, even when factor assumed be peak. Cd, Pb, (0.04–0.33) 10−6. This observation highlights impact local measures improving lowering compared other two cities.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Insight study of rare earth elements in PM2.5 during five years in a Chinese inland city: Composition variations, sources, and exposure assessment DOI
Yiwen Shen,

Chang-Xian Zhao,

Hao Zhao

et al.

Journal of Environmental Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 439 - 449

Published: April 24, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Impacts of the 2021 Northwestern Ontario and Manitoba Wildfires on the Chemical Composition and Oxidative Potential of Airborne Particulate Matter in Montréal, Canada DOI
Nicole Trieu, Arnold Downey, Nansi Fakhri

et al.

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 1296 - 1312

Published: May 4, 2024

In July and August 2021, wildfire smoke transported from Northwestern Ontario Manitoba impacted the air quality in Montréal, Québec, Canada. To investigate impact of on PM10 composition an urban environment, samples were collected analyzed for organic carbon (OC), elemental (EC), elements, water-soluble ions, sugars, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during contrasting periods biomass burning nonbiomass burning-influenced conditions. Biomass tracers (e.g., levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan, rubidium, potassium) other compounds associated with emissions OC, EC, oxalate, succinate, NH4+) increased by a factor 2.0–5.0 periods. The influence wildfires had little trace elements Ba, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V) concentrations which did not increase significantly compared to background. Major constituents carbonaceous matter, followed crustal matter secondary inorganic ions both days. contribution events representing up 71% total mass concentration. ascorbic acid assay found no notable difference intrinsic oxidative potential between days despite decreasing proportions redox-active metals episodes smoke. This observation indicates that components such as sulfate may directly or indirectly contribute way compensates proportion normally dominate measured assay.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Phenomenology of the Composition of PM2.5 at an Urban Site in Northern France DOI Creative Commons

Yamina Allouche,

Marc Fadel,

Amélie Ferté

et al.

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 603 - 603

Published: May 15, 2024

In this work, PM2.5 was sampled at Dunkerque, a medium-sized city located in northern France. The mean concentration of during the sampling period 12.6 ± 9.5 μg·m−3. Samples were analyzed for elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), water-soluble (WSOC), humic-like substances (HULIS-C), inorganic ions, major trace elements. origin variations species concentrations examined using enrichment factors, bivariate polar plot representations, diagnostic ratios. Secondary ions most abundant (36% PM2.5), followed by OC (12.5% PM2.5). (SOC) estimated to account 52% OC. A good correlation between SOC WSOC indicated that secondary formation processes significantly contribute concentrations. HULIS-C also represents almost 50% WSOC. determination ratios revealed influence anthropogenic emission sources such as integrated steelworks fuel oil combustion. clustering 72 h air masses backward trajectories data evidenced higher PM2.5, OC, aerosols recorded when came from north-eastern Europe French continental sector, showing considerable impact long-range transport on quality

Language: Английский

Citations

2