Abstract.
Source
apportionment
of
PM2.5
was
performed
using
positive
matrix
factorization
(PMF)
based
on
detailed
chemical
composition
data
from
24-h
filters
collected
over
3-months
period
(August–November
2020)
at
an
urban
site
in
Montréal,
a
Canadian
city
with
population
approximately
4
million
people.
This
source
study,
which
examined
the
main
contributing
sources
to
large
suit
organic
molecular
markers,
is
first
its
sort
Canada.
A
focus
this
study
quantifying
previously
unresolved
through
inclusion
PMF
analysis
additional
markers
beyond
those
measured
typically
by
government’s
National
Air
Pollution
Surveillance
Program
(NAPS).
The
species
included
model
were
namely,
n-alkanes,
hopane,
fatty
acids,
dicarboxylic
and
biogenic
secondary
aerosols
(SOA)
tracers.
Secondary
inorganic
(SIA)
SOA
dominant
components
constituted
39
%
mass
while
local
primary
anthropogenic
sources,
namely
traffic
exhaust,
road
dust,
industrial,
cooking
emissions
contributed
23
%.
transport
GEOS-Chem
revealed
that
ammonium
sulfate
concentrations
Montréal
are
strongly
influenced
both
Québec
transboundary
input
United
States,
exceeding
for
SOA.
Co
Cr(VI)
presented
elevated
cancer
risk,
highlighting
more
attention
should
be
given
these
trace
metals,
associated
industrial
analysis.
Furthermore,
results
showed
minor
contributors
total
mass,
but
largest
concentrations.
Thus,
health
hazards
cannot
entirely
established
concentration
alone.
highlights
that,
when
evaluating
air
quality
other
regions,
prioritization
mitigations
strategies
will
diverge
if
one
considers
or
individual
particulate-bound
contaminants.
contribution
States
levels
suggests
future
municipal,
provincial
federal
monitoring
regulations
would
effective
they
specific
high-risk
contaminants
(e.g.,
rather
than
PM2.5.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(2), P. 1193 - 1212
Published: Jan. 29, 2024
Abstract.
Source
apportionment
of
PM2.5
was
performed
using
positive
matrix
factorization
(PMF)
based
on
detailed
chemical
composition
data
from
24
h
filter
samples
collected
over
a
3-month
period
(August–November
2020)
at
an
urban
site
in
Montréal,
Canadian
city
with
population
approximately
4×106
people.
This
source
study,
which
examined
the
main
contributing
sources
to
larger
suite
organic
molecular
markers
than
other
studies,
is
first
its
sort
Canada.
A
focus
this
study
quantifying
previously
unresolved
through
inclusion
PMF
analysis
additional
beyond
those
measured
typically
by
government's
National
Air
Pollution
Surveillance
Program
(NAPS).
The
species
included
model
were
comprised
six
n-alkanes,
two
fatty
acids,
one
dicarboxylic
acid,
biogenic
secondary
aerosol
(SOA)
tracers,
and
hopane.
Secondary
inorganic
aerosols
(SIAs)
SOAs
dominant
components
constituted
39
%
mass,
while
local
primary
anthropogenic
sources,
namely
traffic
exhaust,
road
dust,
industrial,
cooking
emissions,
contributed
23
%.
transport
GEOS-Chem
revealed
that
ammonium
sulfate
concentrations
Montréal
are
strongly
influenced
both
Quebec
transboundary
input
United
States,
exceeding
emissions
for
SOA.
Co
Cr(VI)
presented
elevated
cancer
risk,
highlighting
more
attention
should
be
given
these
trace
metals,
associated
industrial
analysis.
Furthermore,
results
showed
minor
contributors
total
mass
concentration
but
largest
concentrations.
Thus,
health
hazards
cannot
entirely
established
alone.
highlights
that,
when
evaluating
air
quality
regions,
prioritization
mitigation
strategies
will
diverge
if
considers
or
individual
particulate-bound
contaminants.
large
contribution
States
levels
suggests
future
municipal,
provincial,
federal
monitoring
regulations
would
effective
they
specific
high-risk
contaminants
(e.g.,
rather
PM2.5).
Atmosphere,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 753 - 753
Published: April 21, 2023
PM2.5-bound
trace
elements
were
chosen
for
health
risk
assessment
because
they
have
been
linked
to
an
increased
of
respiratory
and
cardiovascular
illness.
Since
the
Korean
national
air
quality
standard
ambient
particulate
matter
is
based
on
PM2.5
mass
concentration,
there
only
a
few
measurements
particles
together
with
that
can
be
utilized
evaluate
their
effects
human
health.
Thus,
this
study
describes
bound
in
Seoul
(urban
area)
Seosan
(rural
using
online
nondestructive
energy-dispersive
X-ray
fluorescence
analysis
from
December
2020
January
2021.
At
both
sites,
S,
K,
Si,
Ca,
Fe
constituted
most
(~95%);
major
components
such
as
soil
(estimatedcalculatedcalculated
oxides
Fe,
Ti)
presumably
anthropogenic
crustal
sources,
well
favorable
meteorological
conditions.
During
winter,
synoptic
meteorology
favored
transport
severely
contaminated
regions,
East
Asian
outflow
local
emissions.
The
total
dry
deposition
flux
was
894.5
±
320.8
µg
m−2
d−1
1088.8
302.4
Seosan.
Moreover,
potential
risks
estimated.
Cancer
values
carcinogenic
(Cr,
As,
Ni,
Pb)
within
tolerable
limit
(1
×
10−6),
suggesting
adults
children
not
at
cancer
throughout
period
Furthermore,
exposure
remaining
carcinogens
non-carcinogens
(Cu,
Zn,
V,
Mn,
Se)
indicated
these
posed
no
risks.
Nevertheless,
element
monitoring,
assessment,
mitigation
must
strengthened
area
confirm
trace-element-related
remain
harmless.
Researchers
policymakers
use
database
spatial
temporal
variation
establish
actions
plans
future.
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
130(4)
Published: Feb. 19, 2025
Abstract
PM
2.5
‐bound
antimony
(Sb)
may
threaten
human
health
and
sustainable
development,
necessitating
accurate
source
identification
for
its
effective
control.
This
study
pioneered
the
application
of
Sb
isotope
signatures
to
trace
sources,
presenting
first
isotopic
fingerprints
in
urban
.
We
selected
two
mega‐cities
with
contrasting
profiles:
more
developed
Wuhan
central
less
Guiyang
southwest
China.
Urban
both
cities
exhibited
an
ε
123
value
1.84
±
0.79‱,
a
distinct
seasonal
pattern,
that
is,
heavier
isotopes
spring/winter
lighter
summer/autumn.
Isotopic
apportionment
revealed
waste
incineration
as
predominant
anthropogenic
cites
at
34.0–39.1%,
despite
their
massive
economic
industrial
differences.
Brake
wear
emerged
second
major
source,
especially
Wuhan,
where
vehicle
ownership
is
greater,
accounting
21.2%.
Complementary
analyses
using
enrichment
factor,
elemental
ratios,
positive
matrix
factorization
modeling,
backward
trajectory
analysis
corroborated
findings.
offers
novel
approach
identify
unveiling
brake
contributors
from
new
perspective.
Toxics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(8), P. 697 - 697
Published: Aug. 12, 2023
Lifetime
cancer
risk
characterization
of
ambient
PM-bound
carcinogenic
metals
and
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs)
were
examined
in
the
cities
Los
Angeles
(USA),
Thessaloniki
(Greece)
Milan
(Italy),
which
share
similar
Mediterranean
climates
but
are
different
their
urban
emission
sources
governing
air
quality
regulations.
The
samples
mostly
dominated
by
biomass
burning
activities
whereas
particles
collected
primary
impacted
traffic
emissions.
We
analyzed
PM2.5
mass
concentration
Cadmium
(Cd),
Hexavalent
Chromium
(Cr(VI)),
Nickel
(Ni),
Lead
(Pb),
as
well
13
PAH
compounds
PM
samples,
during
both
cold
warm
periods
at
each
location.
Pb
exhibited
highest
annual
average
all
three
cities,
followed
Ni,
As,
Cr(VI),
Cd
PAHs,
respectively.
assessment
based
on
outdoor
pollutants
was
performed
scenarios,
with
scenario
corresponding
to
a
level
infiltration
into
indoor
environment.
high
associated
lifetime
inhalation
values
range
(0.97–1.57)
×
10−6,
(1.80–2.91)
(0.77–1.25)
calculated
Milan,
exceeding
US
EPA
standard
considerable
margin,
where
exposure
PAHs
(1.29–2.08)
(6.08–9.82)
(1.10–1.77)
In
contrast,
estimated
risks
metals,
except
extremely
lower
than
guideline
value,
even
when
factor
assumed
be
peak.
Cd,
Pb,
(0.04–0.33)
10−6.
This
observation
highlights
impact
local
measures
improving
lowering
compared
other
two
cities.
