Energies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(6), P. 1493 - 1493
Published: March 21, 2024
Underground
hydrogen
storage
facilities
require
cushion
gas
to
operate,
which
is
an
expensive
one-time
investment.
Only
some
of
this
recoverable
after
the
end
UHS
operation.
A
significant
percentage
will
remain
in
underground
as
non-recoverable
gas.
Efforts
must
be
made
reduce
it.
This
article
presents
results
modeling
withdrawal
cyclical
It
was
found
that
amount
fundamentally
influenced
by
duration
initial
filling
period,
flow
rate,
and
timing
upconing
occurrence.
Upconing
one
main
technical
barriers
deep
saline
aquifers.
The
ratio
(NRCG/CG)
decreases
with
increasing
highest
ratio,
0.63,
obtained
shortest
2-year
period.
lowest
0.35,
when
utilizing
longest
period
4
years
employing
largest
presented
cases
recovery
can
help
investors
decide
option
most
advantageous
based
on
criteria
are
important
them.
Day 3 Wed, February 23, 2022,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 12, 2024
Abstract
Hydrogen
(H2)
is
anticipated
to
play
a
crucial
role
in
Saudi
Arabia's
transition
low-carbon
economy
as
an
alternative
clean
fuel.
The
conversion
of
fossil
fuels
through
steam
methane
reformation
produces
blue
H2,
with
captured
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
being
stored
geological
formations.
strategic
location
and
recent
policies
promote
renewable
energy
green
H2.
However,
establishing
industrial-scale
H2-based
necessitates
suitable
large-scale
storage
solution.
Underground
hydrogen
(UHS)
emerges
prominent
option,
offering
significant
capacities
the
Giga-
Terra-Watt-hour
range,
effectively
addressing
seasonal
fluctuations
supply
demand
from
renewables.
Therefore,
present
work
aims
evaluate
opportunity
UHS
Arabia
assess
potential
formations
(salt
caverns,
deep
saline
aquifers,
hydrocarbon
reservoirs)
key
technical
challenges
be
addressed
for
integration
grid.
This
includes
criteria
site
selection,
capacity
calculations,
other
critical
scientific
research
areas
studied.
paper
reviews
settings
that
are
potentially
UHS,
Red
Sea
basins,
sedimentary
eastern
basins
at
Arabian
plate.
results
highlight
requisite
fundamental
experimental
numerical
studies
complete
understanding
H2/brine
behavior
within
formation
rocks,
including
geo-bio-chemical
reactions
prone
occur
during
process.
analysis
H2
thermo-physical
suggests
more
operational
challenge
than
storing
CO2
or
natural
gas.
Commercial
demonstration
crucial,
while
all
ongoing
field
tests
(pure
H2)
worldwide
still
their
early
stages.
Regionally,
salt
caverns
aquifers
closed
structures
regional
seals
provide
best
structural
traps
due
tight
secure
seal
system.
Down-dip
packages
platform
attractive
safer
options.
discussed
sheds
light
on
its
possibility
into
circular
(CCE)
framework
achieve
net-zero
emission
by
2060.
Energies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(6), P. 1493 - 1493
Published: March 21, 2024
Underground
hydrogen
storage
facilities
require
cushion
gas
to
operate,
which
is
an
expensive
one-time
investment.
Only
some
of
this
recoverable
after
the
end
UHS
operation.
A
significant
percentage
will
remain
in
underground
as
non-recoverable
gas.
Efforts
must
be
made
reduce
it.
This
article
presents
results
modeling
withdrawal
cyclical
It
was
found
that
amount
fundamentally
influenced
by
duration
initial
filling
period,
flow
rate,
and
timing
upconing
occurrence.
Upconing
one
main
technical
barriers
deep
saline
aquifers.
The
ratio
(NRCG/CG)
decreases
with
increasing
highest
ratio,
0.63,
obtained
shortest
2-year
period.
lowest
0.35,
when
utilizing
longest
period
4
years
employing
largest
presented
cases
recovery
can
help
investors
decide
option
most
advantageous
based
on
criteria
are
important
them.
