Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Dec. 1, 2017
Abstract
Fluorinated
organic
chemicals
have
a
wide
variety
of
industrial
and
consumer
applications.
For
long
time
perfluorooctane
sulfonate
perfluorooctanoic
acid
been
used
as
precursors
for
manufacture
such
chemicals.
However,
these
C
8
chain
compounds
demonstrated
to
be
toxic,
persistent,
bioaccumulative,
thus
inducing
their
phase-out.
Currently,
6
telomer
based
fluorocarbon
surfactants
are
considered
better
alternatives
products
because
low
bioaccumulability.
But,
high
persistency
suggests
that
in
the
near
future
concentrations
will
increase
environment
waste.
Being
solid
state
non-thermal
technology,
mechanochemical
treatment
is
good
candidate
destruction
emerging
fluorotelomers
In
present
study,
6:2
fluorotelomer
effectively
destroyed
(~100%)
rapid
manner
(<1
h)
by
energy
ball
milling
with
KOH.
Stoichiometric
fluoride
formation
confirms
its
entire
mineralization,
assuring
no
toxic
by-products
generated.
Reaction
mechanism
kinetics
indicate
effective
mineralization
perfluorinated
moiety
obtained
thanks
CF
2
“flake-off”
process
through
radical
mechanism.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 641 - 641
Published: March 12, 2020
This
paper
examines
the
effect
of
mechanical
activation
on
amorphization
starch
having
different
types
crystalline
structure
(A-type
corn
starch;
B-type
potato
and
C-type
tapioca
starch).
Structural
properties
starches
were
studied
by
X-ray
diffraction
analysis.
Mechanical
in
a
planetary
ball
mill
reduces
degree
crystallinity
proportion
to
pretreatment
duration.
was
found
have
highest
crystallinity.
Energy
consumed
achieve
complete
measured.
The
kinetic
parameters
process
(the
effective
rate
constants)
determined.
constant
strongest
decline
after
change
following
series:
starch,
A-type
starch.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
116(24), P. 15198 - 15234
Published: Dec. 15, 2016
Electrochemical
reduction
of
halogenated
organic
compounds
is
gaining
increasing
attention
as
a
strategy
for
the
remediation
environmental
pollutants.
We
begin
this
review
by
discussing
key
components
(cells,
electrodes,
solvents,
and
electrolytes)
in
design
procedure
degrading
targeted
pollutant,
we
describe
contrast
some
experimental
techniques
used
to
explore
characterize
electrochemical
behavior
that
pollutant.
Then,
how
probe
various
mechanistic
features
pertinent
electrochemistry
(including
stepwise
versus
concerted
carbon–halogen
bond
cleavage,
identification
reaction
intermediates,
elucidation
mechanisms).
Knowing
information
vital
successful
development
procedure.
Next,
outline
techniques,
instrumentation,
cell
designs
involved
scaling
up
benchtop
experiment
an
industrial-scale
system.
Finally,
last
major
part
directed
toward
surveying
studies
categories
pollutants
(chlorofluorocarbons;
disinfection
byproducts;
pesticides,
fungicides,
bactericides;
flame
retardants)
looking
forward
future
developments.
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
455, P. 131575 - 131575
Published: May 6, 2023
Contaminant
containment
measures
are
often
necessary
to
prevent
or
minimize
offsite
movement
of
contaminated
materials
for
disposal
other
purposes
when
they
can
be
buried
left
in
place
due
extensive
subsurface
contamination.
These
include
physical,
chemical,
and
biological
technologies
such
as
impermeable
permeable
barriers,
stabilization
solidification,
phytostabilization.
is
advantageous
because
it
stop
contaminant
plumes
from
migrating
further
allow
pollutant
reduction
at
sites
where
the
source
inaccessible
cannot
removed.
Moreover,
unlike
options,
do
not
require
excavation
substrates.
However,
regular
inspections
monitor
mobilization
migration.
This
review
critically
evaluates
sources
persistent
contaminants,
different
approaches
remediation,
various
physical-chemical-biological
processes
containment.
Additionally,
provides
case
studies
operations
under
real
simulated
field
conditions.
In
summary,
essential
preventing
contamination
reducing
risks
public
health
environment.
While
periodic
monitoring
necessary,
benefits
make
a
valuable
remediation
option
methods
feasible.
Chemical Engineering Journal Advances,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13, P. 100421 - 100421
Published: Dec. 2, 2022
Per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
are
a
set
of
synthetic
chemicals
which
contain
several
carbon-fluorine
(C-F)
bonds
have
been
in
production
for
the
past
eight
decades.
PFAS
used
industrial
consumer
products
including
nonstick
pans,
food
packaging,
firefighting
foams,
carpeting.
require
proper
investigations
worldwide
due
to
their
omnipresence
biotic
environment
resulting
pollution
drinking
water
sources.
These
harmful
associated
with
adverse
health
effects
such
as
liver
damage,
cancer,
low
fertility,
hormone
subjugation,
thyroid
illness.
In
addition,
these
fluorinated
compounds
show
high
chemical,
thermal,
biological,
hydrolytic,
photochemical,
oxidative
stability.
Therefore,
effective
treatment
processes
required
removal
degradation
from
wastewater,
water,
groundwater.
Previous
review
papers
provided
excellent
summaries
on
technologies,
but
focus
has
elimination
efficiency
without
providing
mechanistic
understanding
removal/degradation
pathways.
The
present
summarizes
comprehensive
examination
various
thermal
non-thermal
destruction
technologies.
It
includes
sonochemical/ultrasound
degradation,
microwave
hydrothermal
treatment,
subcritical
or
supercritical
electrical
discharge
plasma
technology,
methods/incinerations,
low/high-temperature
desorption
process,
vapor
energy
generator
(VEG)
technology
mechanochemical
destruction.
background,
mechanisms/pathways,
advances
each
remediation
process
discussed
detail
this
review.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(2), P. 198 - 203
Published: Jan. 9, 2023
Studies
on
the
destruction
of
solid
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
chemicals
PFAS-laden
wastes
significantly
lag
behind
urgent
social
demand.
There
is
a
great
need
to
develop
novel
treatment
processes
that
can
destroy
nonaqueous
PFAS
at
ambient
temperatures
pressures.
In
this
study,
we
piezoelectric-material-assisted
ball
milling
(PZM-BM)
process
built
principle
collisions
during
activate
PZMs
generate
∼kV
potentials
for
in
absence
solvents.
Using
boron
nitride
(BN),
typical
PZM,
as
an
example,
successfully
demonstrate
complete
near-quantitative
(∼100%)
defluorination
PFOS
perfluorooctanoic
acid
(PFOA)
after
2
h
treatment.
This
was
also
used
treat
PFAS-contaminated
sediment.
Approximately
80%
21
targeted
were
destroyed
6
The
reaction
mechanisms
determined
be
combination
piezo-electrochemical
oxidation
fluorination
BN.
PZM-BM
demonstrates
many
potential
advantages,
degradation
diverse
independent
functional
group
chain
configurations
does
not
require
caustic
chemicals,
heating,
or
pressurization.
pioneering
study
lays
groundwork
optimizing
various
wastes.
