The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
831, P. 154907 - 154907
Published: March 30, 2022
Airborne
microplastics
(MPs)
have
been
sampled
globally,
and
their
concentration
is
known
to
increase
in
areas
of
high
human
population
activity,
especially
indoors.
Respiratory
symptoms
disease
following
exposure
occupational
levels
MPs
within
industry
settings
also
reported.
It
remains
be
seen
whether
from
the
environment
can
inhaled,
deposited
accumulated
lungs.
This
study
analysed
digested
lung
tissue
samples
(n
=
13)
using
μFTIR
spectroscopy
(size
limitation
3
μm)
detect
characterise
any
present.
In
total,
39
were
identified
11
13
with
an
average
1.42
±
1.50
MP/g
(expressed
as
0.69
0.84
after
background
subtraction
adjustments).
The
MP
significantly
higher
than
those
combined
procedural/laboratory
blanks
9
MPs,
a
mean
SD
0.53
1.07,
p
0.001).
Of
detected,
12
polymer
types
polypropylene,
PP
(23%),
polyethylene
terephthalate,
PET
(18%)
resin
(15%)
most
abundant.
(unadjusted)
all
regions
categorised
upper
(0.80
0.96
MP/g),
middle/lingular
(0.41
0.37
detected
lower
(3.12
1.30
MP/g)
region
compared
(p
0.026)
mid
0.038)
regions.
After
subtracting
blanks,
these
became
0.23
0.28,
0.33
1.65
0.88
respectively.
demonstrates
highest
level
contamination
control
reports
unadjusted
values
alongside
different
adjustment
techniques.
These
results
support
inhalation
route
for
environmental
this
characterisation
now
inform
realistic
conditions
laboratory
experiments,
aim
determining
health
impacts.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(13), P. 2700 - 2700
Published: June 30, 2022
The
widespread
use
of
plastics
determines
the
inevitable
human
exposure
to
its
by-products,
including
microplastics
(MPs),
which
enter
organism
mainly
by
ingestion,
inhalation,
and
dermal
contact.
Once
internalised,
MPs
may
pass
across
cell
membranes
translocate
different
body
sites,
triggering
specific
cellular
mechanisms.
Hence,
potential
health
impairment
caused
internalisation
accumulation
is
prime
concern,
as
confirmed
numerous
studies
reporting
evident
toxic
effects
in
various
animal
models,
marine
organisms,
lines.
In
this
pilot
single-centre
observational
prospective
study,
breastmilk
samples
collected
from
N.
34
women
were
analysed
Raman
Microspectroscopy,
and,
for
first
time,
MP
contamination
was
found
26
out
samples.
detected
microparticles
classified
according
their
shape,
colour,
dimensions,
chemical
composition.
most
abundant
composed
polyethylene,
polyvinyl
chloride,
polypropylene,
with
sizes
ranging
2
12
µm.
data
statistically
relation
patients'
(age,
personal
care
products
containing
plastic
compounds,
consumption
fish/shellfish,
beverages,
food
packaging),
but
no
significant
relationship
found,
suggesting
that
ubiquitous
presence
makes
inevitable.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(4), P. 2129 - 2169
Published: April 4, 2023
Abstract
Microplastic
pollution
is
becoming
a
major
issue
for
human
health
due
to
the
recent
discovery
of
microplastics
in
most
ecosystems.
Here,
we
review
sources,
formation,
occurrence,
toxicity
and
remediation
methods
microplastics.
We
distinguish
ocean-based
land-based
sources
Microplastics
have
been
found
biological
samples
such
as
faeces,
sputum,
saliva,
blood
placenta.
Cancer,
intestinal,
pulmonary,
cardiovascular,
infectious
inflammatory
diseases
are
induced
or
mediated
by
exposure
during
pregnancy
maternal
period
also
discussed.
Remediation
include
coagulation,
membrane
bioreactors,
sand
filtration,
adsorption,
photocatalytic
degradation,
electrocoagulation
magnetic
separation.
Control
strategies
comprise
reducing
plastic
usage,
behavioural
change,
using
biodegradable
plastics.
Global
production
has
risen
dramatically
over
past
70
years
reach
359
million
tonnes.
China
world's
top
producer,
contributing
17.5%
global
production,
while
Turkey
generates
waste
Mediterranean
region,
at
144
tonnes
per
day.
75%
marine
waste,
with
responsible
80–90%
pollution,
account
only
10–20%.
induce
toxic
effects
on
humans
animals,
cytotoxicity,
immune
response,
oxidative
stress,
barrier
attributes,
genotoxicity,
even
minimal
dosages
10
μg/mL.
Ingestion
animals
results
alterations
gastrointestinal
tract
physiology,
system
depression,
differential
gene
expression,
growth
inhibition.
Furthermore,
bioaccumulation
tissues
aquatic
organisms
can
adverse
ecosystem,
potential
transmission
birds.
Changing
individual
behaviours
governmental
actions,
implementing
bans,
taxes,
pricing
carrier
bags,
significantly
reduced
consumption
8–85%
various
countries
worldwide.
The
microplastic
minimisation
approach
follows
an
upside-down
pyramid,
starting
prevention,
followed
reducing,
reusing,
recycling,
recovering,
ending
disposal
least
preferable
option.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Aug. 18, 2021
The
ubiquitous
exposure
of
humans
to
microplastics
(MPs)
through
inhalation
particles
in
air
and
ingestion
dust,
water,
diet
is
well
established.
Humans
are
estimated
ingest
tens
thousands
millions
MP
annually,
or
on
the
order
several
milligrams
daily.
Available
information
suggests
that
indoor
drinking
water
bottled
plastic
major
sources
exposure.
Little
known
occurrence
MPs
human
diet.
Evidence
accumulating
feeding
bottles
medical
devices
can
contribute
newborns
infants.
Biomonitoring
studies
stool,
fetus,
placenta
provide
direct
evidence
infants
children.
<20
µm
were
reported
cross
biological
membranes.
Although
plastics
once
perceived
as
inert
materials,
laboratory
animals
linked
various
forms
inflammation,
immunological
response,
endocrine
disruption,
alteration
lipid
energy
metabolism,
other
disorders.
Whereas
itself
a
concern,
also
be
additives
toxicants.
Exposure
cell
lines
such
phthalates,
bisphenols,
organotins
causes
adverse
effects
activation
nuclear
receptors,
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptors
(PPARs)
α,
β,
γ,
retinoid
X
receptor
(RXR),
leading
oxidative
stress,
cytotoxicity,
immunotoxicity,
thyroid
hormone
altered
adipogenesis
production.
size,
shape,
chemical
composition,
surface
charge,
hydrophobicity
influence
their
toxicity.
Maternal
transfer
developing
fetus
has
been
demonstrated
exposed
analysis
placenta.
In
animal
studies,
maternal
metabolism
offspring
subsequent
generations.
Moreover,
concomitant
with
global
increase
production,
prevalence
overweight
obesity
populations
increased
over
past
five
decades,
there
support
hypothesis
potential
obesogens.
Even
though
exposures
toxic
from
systematic
this
topic
remain
urgently
needed.
Environment & Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
1(4), P. 249 - 257
Published: Aug. 10, 2023
Microplastics
are
ubiquitous
in
the
global
environment.
As
a
typical
emerging
pollutant,
its
potential
health
hazards
have
been
widely
concerning.
In
this
brief
paper,
we
introduce
source,
identification,
toxicity,
and
hazard
of
microplastics
human.
The
literature
review
shows
that
frequently
detected
environmental
human
samples.
Humans
potentially
exposed
to
through
oral
intake,
inhalation,
skin
contact.
We
summarize
toxic
effects
experimental
models
like
cells,
organoids,
animals.
These
consist
oxidative
stress,
DNA
damage,
organ
dysfunction,
metabolic
disorder,
immune
response,
neurotoxicity,
as
well
reproductive
developmental
toxicity.
addition,
epidemiological
evidence
suggests
variety
chronic
diseases
may
be
related
exposure.
Finally,
put
forward
gaps
toxicity
research
their
future
development
directions.
This
will
helpful
understanding
exposure
risk
microplastics.
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
6, P. 100057 - 100057
Published: Feb. 24, 2022
The
last
decade
has
been
transformative
for
micro(nano)plastic
(MnP)
research
with
recent
discoveries
revealing
the
extent
and
magnitude
of
MnP
pollution,
even
in
world's
most
remote
places.
Historically,
while
researchers
recognized
that
plastic
pollution
was
derived
from
land-based
sources,
it
generally
believed
microplastic
particles
(i.e.,
fragments
<5
mm)
only
a
marine
issue
effects
largely
impacting
biota.
However,
over
progressed
rapidly
MnPs
freshwater,
snow,
ice,
soil,
terrestrial
biota,
air
found
ocean
spray.
have
now
every
environmental
compartment
on
earth,
within
tissues
gastrointestinal
tracts
thousands
species,
including
humans,
resulting
harmful
effects.
10
years
also
seen
development
new
techniques
analysis,
re-purposing
old
technologies
allowing
us
to
determine
down
nano
size
range
(<1
µm).
This
short
review
summarizes
what
key
milestones
major
advances
made
nanoplastic
environment,
their
fate,
decade.
