A Comparative Genomic and Phylogenetic Investigation of the Xenobiotic Metabolism Enzymes of Cytochrome P450 in Elephants Shows Loss in CYP2E and CYP4A DOI Creative Commons
Kanami Watanabe, Mitsuki Kondo, Yoshinori Ikenaka

et al.

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1939 - 1939

Published: June 9, 2023

Cytochrome P450 is an important enzyme that metabolizes a variety of chemicals, including exogenous substances, such as drugs and environmental endogenous steroids, fatty acids, cholesterol. Some CYPs show interspecific differences in terms genetic variation. As little known about the mechanisms elephant metabolism, we carried out comparative genomic phylogenetic analysis CYP elephants. Our results suggest genes have undergone independent duplication, particularly CYP2A, CYP2C, CYP3A genes, unique cluster specific to species. However, while CYP2E CYP4A were conserved other Afrotheria taxa, their decay elephants resulted dysfunction (pseudogene). These findings outline several remarkable characteristics CYP1–4 provide new insights into xenobiotic metabolism. Further functional investigations are necessary characterize CYP, expression patterns interactions with sensitivities chemicals.

Language: Английский

Molecular investigation of harmful cyanobacteria reveals hidden risks and niche partitioning in Kenyan Lakes DOI Creative Commons
Brittany N. Zepernick, Lauren Hart, Emily E. Chase

et al.

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 102757 - 102757

Published: Nov. 10, 2024

Despite the global expansion of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs), research is biased to temperate systems within north, such as Laurentian Great Lakes. This lack diversity represents a significant gap in field and jeopardizes health those who reside along at-risk watersheds south. The African Lake, Lake Victoria, understudied despite serving second largest lake by surface area demonstrating year-round cHABs. Here, we address this knowledge performing molecular survey cHAB communities three anthropogenically ecologically important freshwater Victoria's Kenyan watershed: Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria), Simbi Naivasha. We identified bloom non-toxic Dolichospermum toxic Microcystis Gulf, with data suggesting sulfur limitation shapes competition dynamics between these two bloom-formers. Though did not detect Naivasha, it contained genera amongst lakes. In turn, our results indicated methane metabolism may allow picoplankton outcompete genera, while Synechococcus spp. serves source sink system. exhibited Limnospira at time sampling very low abundances present. Subsequently, were employed design screening risk assessment framework for local stakeholders. Cumulatively, work increase efforts on international scale an impetus monitoring scale.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Remote sensing and spatial analysis reveal unprecedented cyanobacteria bloom dynamics associated with elephant mass mortality DOI Creative Commons
Davide Lomeo, Emma J. Tebbs, Nlingisisi D. Babayani

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 957, P. 177525 - 177525

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

The 2020 mass mortality of 350 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Botswana sparked global concern, with cyanotoxins watering holes (pans) being a suspected cause, though evidence remains inconclusive. Combining remote sensing and spatial analysis, we examined the relationship between ecohydrology ∼3000 pans locations deceased elephants. Our analysis revealed significant difference distribution fresh versus decayed carcasses (p < 0.001), indicating that die-off deviated from typical regional elephant patterns. We identified 20 near experienced increased cyanobacteria bloom events (n = 123) compared to previous 3 years combined 23), exhibiting highest average phytoplankton biomass period 2015-2023 (Normalised Difference Chlorophyll Index >0.2). These findings suggest heightened risk likelihood cyanotoxin presence these pans. Elephants were estimated have walked 16.5 km (± 6.2 km) died within 88 h 33 h) exposure. study provides cyanobacterial toxicity could be contributing factor die-off, while also considering other potential causes, offers general framework for investigation future events. underscore need integrate ecohydrological assessments monitor mitigate animal inform conservation strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A Comparative Genomic and Phylogenetic Investigation of the Xenobiotic Metabolism Enzymes of Cytochrome P450 in Elephants Shows Loss in CYP2E and CYP4A DOI Creative Commons
Kanami Watanabe, Mitsuki Kondo, Yoshinori Ikenaka

et al.

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1939 - 1939

Published: June 9, 2023

Cytochrome P450 is an important enzyme that metabolizes a variety of chemicals, including exogenous substances, such as drugs and environmental endogenous steroids, fatty acids, cholesterol. Some CYPs show interspecific differences in terms genetic variation. As little known about the mechanisms elephant metabolism, we carried out comparative genomic phylogenetic analysis CYP elephants. Our results suggest genes have undergone independent duplication, particularly CYP2A, CYP2C, CYP3A genes, unique cluster specific to species. However, while CYP2E CYP4A were conserved other Afrotheria taxa, their decay elephants resulted dysfunction (pseudogene). These findings outline several remarkable characteristics CYP1–4 provide new insights into xenobiotic metabolism. Further functional investigations are necessary characterize CYP, expression patterns interactions with sensitivities chemicals.

Language: Английский

Citations

0